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A Review About Toxoplasmosis on Animals and Humans Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is reported to be endemic throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago . The prevalence rates of 24-61% in goats, 10-40% in cats, 28% in pigs, 43% in sheep, 36% in cattle, 27% in buffalo, 20% in chickens, 6% in ducks, 10% in dogs and 14-82% in human were reported in Indonesia. The disease causes abortion in pregnant women. The importance of toxoplasmosis in Indonesia; the aspects of etiology, clinical signs, pathology, transmission and control measures are discussed in this paper. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, animals, humans

Scabies of Animals and Humans: Problems and Control Strategy Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei affecting a wide range of host species including buffalo, pigs, goats, horses, rabbits, dogs, cats, and humans. The disease in livestock causes skin irritation, decreases of meat production and quality of skin as well as affecting human health. Scabies has a worldwide distribution, including Indonesia with various prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in different host species. Diagnostic of the disease is carried out by observing clinical symptoms and scraping the infected skin to find the parasite. Scabies can be prevented by good sanitation, and chemotherapy of livestock is performed by ivermectine, asuntol and neguvon injections. Â Key words : Scabies, animals, humans, diagnostic, control

Scabies, a Zoonotic Disease : Present and Future Challenge Wardhana, April H; Manurung, Joses; Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by a mite of Sarcoptes scabiei . It is found worldwide particularly in regions related with of poverty, remote area, poor sanitations and nutritional status in both human and animals . Scabies is transmitted by direct contact . The clinical signs are intensive pruritis or itchiness, erythrema, papula and vesicle . Infestation S. scabiei caused damage skin and raised animal death (50 - 100%) while 300 millions people per year were reported to suffer from scabies . Diagnosis of scabies is based on clinical signs and confirmed with gently scrapping the skin off burrow (seeking for eggs, faecals and mites) . Beside that, the diagnosis can be obtained by ink test, mineral oil or fluorescence tetracycline test . ELISA method for detecting human scabies still has a disadvantage because there is a cross-reaction between host skin and var . S. scabiei antigens . The development of scabies vaccine also has many problems . Some human scabies cases were suspected from their livestock or pet animals . It is required a good and synergic collaboration between both health and livestock agencies that involved both human and vet medicals, investigators, quarantine staffs including researchers. Those factors become a challenge at present and in the future to prevent the spreading of scabies to a larger area and to minimize scabies cases in both human and animal, particularly in the endemic area . Â Key words : Scabies, Sarcoptes scabiei, human, animal, zoonotic

Toxoplasmosis of Goat and Sheep in Java Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease, caused by Toxoplasma gondii attacking goat, sheep, and wild animals. This disease is zoonosis and widely distributed in many districts of Java and as a zoonotic disease. Cat is the definitive host of T. gondii, while sheep, goats, and humans are the intermediate hosts. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Java was between 7 to 84%, with an average of 42.9%. It occurs through out of the year and causes abortions and infertilities of infected animals. All breeds of goat and sheep, male and female are susceptible to T. gondii infections. In cat, T. gondii produces three types of infectious forms, i.e.: tropozoite, cyst, and oocyst, but in intermediate host, it produces tropozoite and cyst forms. The development of T. gondii in definitive host is by sexual and asexual, while in intermediate host only by asexual only. Toxoplasmosis in livestocks is subclinical signs and difficult to diagnose. The confirmation diagnose of T. gondii infection in animals should be conducted by laboratory examinations of the parasite on peritoneal fluid, heart muscles, skelet muscles and brain samples. Serological tests for antibody detection can be done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Toxoplasmosis is difficult to be controlled; the use of pyrimethamine drugs only kills tachyzoite form, but does not kill the cyst. Once the animals are infected, they would become carriers and sources of infections. Â Key words: Toxoplasmosis, goat, sheep

Effect of methanol extracts of nony fruit on mice infected by RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii Subekti, Didik T; Sari, Eka S.P; Widiastuti, Dwi R; Haerlani, Rica; Fitri Diani, Eka; Iskandar, Tolibin; Laksmitawati, Dian R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Intraperitoneal infection of Type I Toxoplasma gondii on mice causes high mortality at a short time due to parasitic burden, immunosuppression, cell and tissue damage. The mice survival is increased after treated with drugs that reduce or destroy tachyzoite and modulate or recovered the immune system. Nony fruit (Morinda citrifolia) is popular as immunomudulator and has antoxoplasma properties. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of nony fruit and FansidarÂ® (pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine) to reduce tachyzoite and improve survival as well as immunomudulator on mice following toxoplasma infection. Mice was divided into six groups (10 mice respectively) consist of infected-non treated groups, infected + FansidarÂ®, infected + ethanol extract of nony on several doses (100, 50, 25%) and non infected-non treated groups. All mice on each groups were infected intraperitoneally by 5 x 106 and 2,5 x 103 RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite/mice respectively. The results have shown that FansidarÂ® was successfully to reduced tachyzoite and improved mice survival but the ethanol extract of nony fruit was failed. Â Â Key Words: Survivality, Immunomodulator, Toxoplasma gondii, Nony extracts

The isolations of Toxoplasma gondii from diaphragm of a sheep having high antibody titre and faecal-soil of a cat Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In relation to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from animals, 161 samples each of serums pairs and diaphragms were collected from 123 sheep and 38 goats from an abbatoir of Cibadak subdistrict, district of Sukabumi, and 30 faecal-soil samples of cats from some areas in district of Bogor. By using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test serums were examined, and 60.16% and 39.47% of sheep and goats serums were found positive toxoplasmosis with antibody titres varied ranging from 1 :64 to 1 :8 .192 . Meanwhile, diaphragms of sheep and goats having antibody titres higher than 1 :2 .048 were extracted and the extracts were then passaged by innoculating into mice intraperitoneally . The results showed that cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma were isolated from brain and peritoneal exudate ofmice respectively which were formerly innoculated by diaphragm extract of a sheep Â having the highest (1 :8 .192) antibody titre. On the other hand, oocysts of Toxoplasma were also isolated from one out of 30 (3.33%) faecal-soil samples ofcats examined by floatation method. Â Key words : Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, sheep, cysts, tachyzoites, faecal-soil, oocysts

Effect of methanol extracts of nony fruit on mice infected by RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii Didik T Subekti; Eka S.P Sari; Dwi R Widiastuti; Rica Haerlani; Eka Fitri Diani; Tolibin Iskandar; Dian R Laksmitawati
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 10, No 4 (2005): DECEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Intraperitoneal infection of Type I Toxoplasma gondii on mice causes high mortality at a short time due to parasitic burden, immunosuppression, cell and tissue damage. The mice survival is increased after treated with drugs that reduce or destroy tachyzoite and modulate or recovered the immune system. Nony fruit (Morinda citrifolia) is popular as immunomudulator and has antoxoplasma properties. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of nony fruit and Fansidar® (pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine) to reduce tachyzoite and improve survival as well as immunomudulator on mice following toxoplasma infection. Mice was divided into six groups (10 mice respectively) consist of infected-non treated groups, infected + Fansidar®, infected + ethanol extract of nony on several doses (100, 50, 25%) and non infected-non treated groups. All mice on each groups were infected intraperitoneally by 5 x 106 and 2,5 x 103 RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite/mice respectively. The results have shown that Fansidar® was successfully to reduced tachyzoite and improved mice survival but the ethanol extract of nony fruit was failed. Key Words: Survivality, Immunomodulator, Toxoplasma gondii, Nony extracts

The isolations of Toxoplasma gondii from diaphragm of a sheep having high antibody titre and faecal-soil of a cat Tolibin Iskandar
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

In relation to isolate Toxoplasma gondii from animals, 161 samples each of serums pairs and diaphragms were collected from 123 sheep and 38 goats from an abbatoir of Cibadak subdistrict, district of Sukabumi, and 30 faecal-soil samples of cats from some areas in district of Bogor. By using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test serums were examined, and 60.16% and 39.47% of sheep and goats serums were found positive toxoplasmosis with antibody titres varied ranging from 1 :64 to 1 :8 .192 . Meanwhile, diaphragms of sheep and goats having antibody titres higher than 1 :2 .048 were extracted and the extracts were then passaged by innoculating into mice intraperitoneally . The results showed that cysts and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma were isolated from brain and peritoneal exudate ofmice respectively which were formerly innoculated by diaphragm extract of a sheep having the highest (1 :8 .192) antibody titre. On the other hand, oocysts of Toxoplasma were also isolated from one out of 30 (3.33%) faecal-soil samples ofcats examined by floatation method. Key words : Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, sheep, cysts, tachyzoites, faecal-soil, oocysts

A Review About Toxoplasmosis on Animals and Humans Tolibin Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is reported to be endemic throughout most of the Indonesian archipelago . The prevalence rates of 24-61% in goats, 10-40% in cats, 28% in pigs, 43% in sheep, 36% in cattle, 27% in buffalo, 20% in chickens, 6% in ducks, 10% in dogs and 14-82% in human were reported in Indonesia. The disease causes abortion in pregnant women. The importance of toxoplasmosis in Indonesia; the aspects of etiology, clinical signs, pathology, transmission and control measures are discussed in this paper. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, animals, humans

Scabies of Animals and Humans: Problems and Control Strategy Tolibin Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei affecting a wide range of host species including buffalo, pigs, goats, horses, rabbits, dogs, cats, and humans. The disease in livestock causes skin irritation, decreases of meat production and quality of skin as well as affecting human health. Scabies has a worldwide distribution, including Indonesia with various prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in different host species. Diagnostic of the disease is carried out by observing clinical symptoms and scraping the infected skin to find the parasite. Scabies can be prevented by good sanitation, and chemotherapy of livestock is performed by ivermectine, asuntol and neguvon injections. Key words : Scabies, animals, humans, diagnostic, control

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