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All Journal Andalas Journal of International Studies POLITICO Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies
Muhammad Khairil Zaki Al-Asyura
Universitas Indonesia
Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences Other

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The Political Economy of Rentier States: Understanding Barriers on ‎Economic Reform and Integration in GCC States Muhammad Khairil Zaki Al-Asyura; M. Hamdan Basyar
POLITICO Vol 21, No 2 (2021): JURNAL POLITICO FISIPOL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32528/politico.v21i2.5708

Abstract

The GCC states’ high dependence on the hydrocarbon sector does not reflect a sustainable ‎economy. Therefore, it is demanded that those states reform the economic system that has long ‎been preserved and accelerate economic integration in the region to reduce ‎oil dependence. This article aims to analyze the hindrances to the economic reform ‎program and the intention to achieve economic integration within the rentier state in the Arab ‎Gulf states. This article uses a qualitative method through an explanatory and descriptive ‎approach to elaborate on the issues. This study indicates that a comprehensive economic ‎reform in GCC countries is hard to implement due to the existing political structure and socio-‎cultural conditions. Were to reform the economic system totally, rulers would have a dilemma regarding the regime's sustainability. Meanwhile, the move towards economic integration within the GCC countries remains unachievable due to such unresolved issues as mistrust among member countries, powerless GCC’s structural organization, and the lack of ‎interdependency-complex in pursuing wealth and prosperity
Relasi Sunni-Syi’ah dalam Budaya Politik Sektarian dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pemerintahan Lebanon Mukhsinin, Nasrul; Rofii, Muhammad Syaroni; al-Asyurra, Khairil Zaki
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In a national pact, the Maronite Christians share power with Sunni Muslims. The agreement changed to the Ta'if agreement by adding Shia Muslims in the government. The growing influence of Shia politics along with the weakening of Maronite Christian influence made the axis of sect competition focused on Sunni and Shia groups. After the assassination of Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, both of them played a political role in dividing political factions in the state government. Sunni-Shi'a political relations are very influential on the course of the Lebanese confessional government. This is a challenge for Hassan Diab as the new Prime Minister of Lebanon. Although he is a Sunni Muslim, his government is seen as a coalition of Hezbollah, leading the Sunni-led March 14 alliance to withdraw from government. Keywords:Sunni, Syiah, Government, Lebanon, Politic
Turkey and Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Relations: A Soft Power Approach towards Kurdish Question Al-Asyura, M Khairil Zaki; Basyar, M. Hamdan
Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Published in May 2022
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies UNAND

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/ajis.11.1.78-93.2022

Abstract

Turkey has long regarded Kurds as a homogenous entity that could threaten its territorial integrity and national security. There is ‎animosity by the Turkish government towards the Kurds. ‎This article attempts to analyze why there has been a paradigm shift and enhancement in Turkey-KRG relations, especially during AKP tenure, while analyzing the extent to which the ‎effectiveness of the Turkey-KRG relationship can help Turkey resolve its Kurdish ‎issue in peaceful ways. This research uses offensive realism as an analytical tool while deploying qualitative methods through ‎explanatory and descriptive approaches in answering the problems raised. The ‎study shows that the paradigm shift and the enhancement in Turkey-KRG relations can occur because Turkey seeks to pursue its goal, ‎being a regional hegemon. In this way, Turkey can guarantee its survival, increase ‎welfare, and preserve its political doctrine. However, the enhancement of Turkey-‎KRG relations shows less significant effectiveness in overcoming the Kurdish ‎issue. As the Kurdish question is a domestic issue, it is Turkey itself that must find ‎a solution‎ to
Co-Authors M. Hamdan Basyar M. Hamdan Basyar Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Mukhsinin, Nasrul