Achmad Himawan
INSTIPER Yogyakarta

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Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Healthy and Disease Stem of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia) Caused by Stem Rot Disease Yuliana Yuliana; Achmad Himawan; Elisabeth Nanik Kristalisasi
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA) Vol 4 No 2 (2022): Volume 4 No. 2 Tahun 2022, Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA)
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KUANTAN SINGINGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36378/juatika.v4i2.2367

Abstract

One of the plantation crops with high economic value is vanilla. The biggest constraint in vanilla cultivation is stem rot disease. Endophytic fungi are fungi that live inside healthy plant tissues without causing symptoms or damage to the host plant. This study was aimed at determining the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanilla, identifying and selecting the type and amount of endophytic fungi found in healthy vanilla plants and vanilla plants with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of stem rot. The research was carried out in a vanilla plantation belonging to the residents of Sinogo Village, West Plono Village, and West Ngalian Samigaluh Village, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta from January to March 2021. The research method used was a descriptive method for symptoms of the disease. A survey and collection of healthy stems and stem rot disease were then conducted. In addition, environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, and soil pH were also recorded. Identification of endophytic fungi was carried out in the laboratory. The data were analyzed both quantitatively (percentage of disease attack) and qualitatively (morphological characteristics of fungi macroscopically and microscopically). The results showed that the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease from the largest to the smallest was 30% in West Plono Village, 25.3% in West Ngalian Village, and 22.8% in Sinogo Village. In healthy vanilla plants, there are 4 types of endophytic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp. In vanilla stem rot disease, 2 types of endophytic fungi were found, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium sp.
Identification Of Diseases On Coffee Plant In Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta Yohanes Yolland Aliandu; Achmad Himawan; Elisabeth i Nanik Kristalisas
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA (JUATIKA) Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Vol 5 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika (JUATIKA)
Publisher : LPPM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KUANTAN SINGINGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36378/juatika.v5i1.2695

Abstract

Many different kinds of plants, including coffee plants, are susceptible to disease. In Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, this study aims to discover diseases. Compute the percentage of disease attacks, and determine the causes of diseases that affect coffee plants. The Central Laboratory of the Yogyakarta Institute campus is located in the Sleman Regency's Maguwoharjo District. The sample took place in the hamlets of Kopeng, Petung, and Gondang Pusung in the Cangkringan District, D.I. Yogyakarta. The research was done between March and September of 2021. The survey, collection, and identification of fungi that cause coffee plant illnesses in the field and laboratory were the research techniques used. Additionally, farmers who work on coffee plantations were interviewed. Descriptive analysis was done on observational data related to illness symptoms. According to data on environmental conditions in the three coffee plantations, Petung Hamlet had the highest elevation (875.7 masl), Kopeng Hamlet and Gondang Pusung Hamlet had the highest air temperature (27.9 °C), Gondang Pusung Hamlet had the highest air humidity (75%), Kopeng Hamlet had the highest irradiation intensity (1947 Lux), and the three hamlets' soil pH ranged from 5.5-7. A quantitative analysis of the illness attack rate was performed. On the macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of mushrooms, qualitative analysis was conducted. The findings revealed that fungi were to blame for four different types of coffee plant illnesses. These illnesses include sooty mildew, leaf spot, scurvy, and leaf rust (all caused by the fungus H. vastatrix) (Capnodium sp.). Kopeng Hamlet had the highest incidence of disease attacks, including 9.7% for leaf rust, 11.8% for leaf spots, 4.8% for black fungus, and 2.9% for sooty mildew.