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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings (JMEF) Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Adam Febriyanto Nugraha
Department Of Metallurgical And Materials Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, Jawa Barat||Indonesia Asosiasi Peneliti Indonesia Di Korea (APIK), Seoul, 07342||South Korea
Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Physical Properties of Multilayer Plastics for Polymer Asphalt Applications Dimas Agung Setiaji; Mochamad Chalid; Tomy Abuzairi; Maurice Efroza; Adam Febriyanto Nugraha
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Mesin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (161.847 KB) | DOI: 10.32493/pjte.v6i1.20771

Abstract

Multilayer plastic waste continues to increase due to the ever-growing consumption and needs of the global citizen and is one of the most challenging types of waste to recycling because of its nature. The accumulation and indiscriminate disposal of waste can pose a potential risk of environmental problems. A solution that can be implemented is to mix bitumen and waste polymer as asphalt manufacturing. Despite its advancement in research, many potential parameters are still to be discovered to achieve optimal results. Through cold plasma treatment, a surface treatment may occur at the multilayer polypropylene that causes the change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic properties. Treating the polymer with cold plasma will provide good hydrophilic properties without changing the overall chemical and thermal properties of the sample. This will result in an alternative aggregate for the bitumen for asphalt manufacturing. Bitumen coupled with the addition of plastic still provides an optimal hardness and ductility, meanwhile having a more economically viable manufacturing process than other processes.
Unveiling frequency-dependent dielectric behavior of cellulose-based polymer electrolyte at various temperature and salt concentration Christin Rina Ratri; Qolby Sabrina; Titik Lestariningsih; Adam Febriyanto Nugraha; Sotya Astutiningsih; Mochamad Chalid
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 12, No 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.53103

Abstract

Dielectric behavior of cellulose-based polymer electrolyte was studied at various temperature and salt concentration. A polymer electrolyte membrane based on cellulose acetate (CA) as the polymer host and LiClO4 as the dopant salt was fabricated using the solution casting technique. The dopant salt concentration was varied as 0.3, 0.5, 0.67, and 1M. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy characterization were performed using potentiostat at frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Measurements were performed by sandwiching the membrane between stainless steel plates. The ionic conductivity was then calculated based on the Cole–Cole plot obtained from the impedance measurement. It was found that sample 1 M had the highest ionic conductivity at high frequencies. However, the frequency-dependent conductance plot showed that the ionic conductivity of the 1 M sample significantly decreased at low frequencies, i.e. from 3.41×10-5 S/cm at 1 MHz to 1.9×10-8 S/cm at 0.1 Hz. Other samples did not experience this phenomenon, including those with a Celgard© commercial membrane to represent commercial Li-ion batteries. This is caused by excess charge accumulation, leading to a high concentration of immobile charge carriers, which reduces the available free volume surrounding the polymer chain. This resulted in a significant decrease in ionic conductivity at low frequencies. Temperature variation was also performed on the conductivity measurement at 30-70 °C. Temperature variation showed more predictable behavior, where increasing the temperature activated charge carriers and enhanced ionic conductivity, from 1.81×10-5 S/cm at room temperature to 9.04×10-5 at 70°C. Sweeping across the frequency range results in a consistent sequence of ionic conductivities among the samples at various temperatures. This work is beneficial for evaluating a biomass-based polymer electrolyte complex in a Li-ion battery environment. Feasibility studies can be performed at various concentrations and temperatures to determine the optimal level of dopant salt input across a broad frequency range.
Enhancing Compatibility and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Sianturi, Krisma Yessi; Nugraha, Adam Febriyanto; kristaura, Belle; Chalid, Mochamad
Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Vol. 2, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pure natural rubber (NR) exhibits low mechanical properties, necessitating the incorporation of additives like vulcanizing agents and fillers. Carbon black and silica, conventional fillers, are relatively expensive and not environmentally friendly. This study explores using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) fiber as an affordable, abundant, and biodegradable alternative filler for NR. However, compatibility issues arise between the nonpolar NR and the polar OPEFB fiber. A latex-starch hybrid coupling agent (CA (NR-St)) was added to the composite formulation to address this. NR, OPEFB fiber, and the coupling agent were mixed using an open roll mill with a 10 phr OPEFB filler loading and coupling agent concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 phr. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheology, and mechanical property tests revealed that the coupling agent improved the compatibility between NR and OPEFB fibers, as evidenced by increased tensile strength and stiffness. The composite with 3-phr coupling agent exhibited the best performance with tensile strength and stiffness values of 25.6 MPa and 3.7 MPa, respectively. This increase in mechanical properties has the potential to act as a catalyst for increasing the use of renewable materials in the rubber industrial sector, especially the automotive industry.
Post-Consumer Recycling of Polymers for Sustainable 3D Printing Filament Material Siti Mutia Mawaddah; Mochamad Chalid; Sandrina Aras Maulidina; Cut Kayla Ashanti; Adam Febriyanto Nugraha
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2023.707

Abstract

3D printing technology is rapidly developing in the manufacturing industry in producing complex and easily adjustable three-dimensional objects using the help of controls from computers. Behind its advantages, the 3D printing process requires filaments from virgin polymers which generally have a high price and adversely affect the environment. Post-consumer polymer recycling is a substitute material solution from virgin polymers and is environmentally friendly so as to support the realization of a circular economy. Studies on 3D printing filaments from post-consumer polymers have been discussed in this article, especially for filaments derived from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In addition, this article also reviews the sources of recycled raw materials, difficulties during the process, mechanical properties, thermal properties and efforts to improve the quality of 3D printing products. The results show that recycling post-consumer polymers for 3D printing filament applications is a promising approach to reducing the environmental impact of 3D printing while still retaining the mechanical properties and printability of filaments. This article provides insight into several studies that address the development of 3D printing using post-consumer polymer materials.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties Analysis on Bitumen Mixture with Additives: HDPE, PP and Lignin Adream Bais Junior; Yermia Andri Prawira; Mochamad Chalid; Ahmad Z. Taning; Adam Febriyanto Nugraha
Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/pjte.v7i2.35464

Abstract

This study focuses on enhancing the performance and sustainability of asphalt materials in road construction by recycling High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Polypropylene (PP) and lignin as additives in bitumen. The Hot Melt Mixing method is employed to investigate the impact of different concentrations of HDPE, PP, and lignin on bitumen properties. Key properties such as ductility, penetration, softening point, and thermal behavior are analyzed, providing valuable insights into the potential of these additives to enhance bitumen performance. The findings demonstrate that higher concentrations of HDPE and PP result in reduced penetration depth, indicating increased hardness. The addition of lignin enhances penetration depth, contributing to the flexibility and performance of the bitumen mixture. Moreover, thermal analysis offers valuable information about the thermal behavior and stability of the bitumen-plastic-lignin blends, shedding light on their compatibility and interactions. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in road construction and pavement engineering by exploring sustainable solutions that not only address plastic waste challenges but also improve the performance and durability of bituminous materials, making it a crucial step towards environmentally responsible and long-lasting asphalt pavements.
The Effect of Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Electrolyte Addition on The Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan-Based Membranes Handika, Rudi Satya; Ratri, Christin Rina; Rohib, Rohib; Nugraha, Adam Febriyanto
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2025.5011

Abstract

The development of an environmentally friendly polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries is essential. A composite membrane composed of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the eco-friendly polymer membrane types used for lithium-ion battery electrolyte. This study examined the effect of ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (HMII) and lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) electrolyte addition on the characteristics of composite membranes made of chitosan and PVA. The results reveal that the addition of LiBOB and HMII was able to promote the agglomerations and the formation of microcrystals, which increased the mechanical properties and ionic conductivities of the membranes. The membrane sample with LiBOB composition of 25% produced the highest mechanical properties with tensile strength of 21.11 MPa and elastic modulus of 1.93 MPa. The membrane sample with LiBOB composition of 10% without the addition of HMII produced the highest ionic conductivity, namely 5.17 x 10-6 S/cm.
Cold Plasma-Induced Surface Modification of Microfibrillated Cellulose Using Lauric Acid to Enhance Compatibility in Polymer Composites Rifathin, Annisa; Wijaya, Ade Mundari; Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang; Laksmono, Joddy Arya; Nugraha, Adam Febriyanto; Chalid, Mochamad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104738

Abstract

Green materials, such as microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), are increasingly used as fillers in polymer composites for academic and industrial applications. However, their inherent hydrophilic property limits compatibility with polymer matrix. This study employs an environmentally friendly cold plasma technique to modify the surface of MFC, improving its compatibility with the polymer. Plasma treatment was performed at a voltage of 60 V for 30 min by making three molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, and 5:1) between lauric acid as a hydrophobic precursor and anhydroglucose (AGU). The results indicate several changes in the modified MFC properties, as evidenced by the appearance of a new peak at a wavenumber of 1742 cm−1 (ester’s C=O) in FTIR spectra, indicating successful plasma-induced grafting. XPS results also confirm the formation of O–C=O bond at a binding energy of 289.3 eV. The optimum conditions were obtained at a molar ratio of 4:1 (lauric acid:AGU). There was a decrease in the hydrophilic property of MFC, indicated by an increase in the water contact angle from 50.16° to 71.26°. Moreover, the surface tension difference between MFC and polypropylene was significantly reduced from 136.99 to 47.51%, suggesting improved compatibility.
Co-Authors Achmad Nandang Roziafanto, Achmad Nandang Adream Bais Junior Ahmad Z. Taning Christin Rina Ratri Christin Rina Ratri, Christin Rina Cut Kayla Ashanti Dimas Agung Setiaji Handika, Rudi Satya Joddy Arya Laksmono kristaura, Belle Maurice Efroza Mochamad Chalid Mochamad Chalid Mochamad Chalid Qolby Sabrina Rifathin, Annisa Rohib, Rohib Sandrina Aras Maulidina Sianturi, Krisma Yessi Siti Mutia Mawaddah Sotya Astutiningsih Titik Lestariningsih Tomy Abuzairi Wijaya, Ade Mundari Yermia Andri Prawira