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All Journal Kesmas Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Dyah Widiastuti
Research and Development Animal Borne Diseases Control Unit, Banjarnegara
Health Professions Public Health

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SPOT SURVEI LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK DAN NOGOSARI, KABUPATEN BOYOLALI, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Pramestuti, Nova; Ikawati, Bina; Widiastuti, Dyah
Kesmas Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 7 No 1 (2014): Jurnal Kesmas Indonesia
Publisher : Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

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ABSTRACTIn 2013 there were three leptospirosis cases reported in Boyolali. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of leptospirosis including cases overview aboutperson, place and time, transmission history, the trap success in catching mice and rats, and species of Leptospira infected rodent in Ngemplak and Nogosari district, Boyolali. This study was a cross sectional study. Rodent traping conducted at three locations with leptospirosis cases in Ngemplak and Nogosari District, Boyolali, in April 2013. A total of 300 traps wereinstalled, 2 traps inside and 2 traps outside for each house during three days. The trapped mice and rats were identified, counted their population density and their kidneys were taken for Leptospira examainationusingPCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay. Data were processed and analyzed descriptively, presented in a frequency distribution form. The result showed that transmission of leptospirosis may occured around the case? house, the river and rice fields. The highest rodentsuccess trapwas found in KismoyosoVillage (14 %). Rat species which were found consisted of R.tanezumi, and R. indica Bandicota argentiventer, there was no rat kidney samples infected with Leptospira bacteria according to PCR assay. Leptospirosis transmission in Boyolali should be noteddue to the high rat trap success and the location which was closed to the river . Key words: Survey,leptospirosis, rats Kesmasindo, Volume 7( 1 )Juli 2014, Hal 63-70
Larvicidal Effect of Mixture of Beauveria bassiana Crude Metabolite and Chitinase Enzyme against Aedes aegypti Larvae Widiastuti, Dyah; Ikawati, Bina; Hadi, Upik Kesumawati
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Aedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made of mixture with 2 : 1 ratio between Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase isolated from chitinolytic bacteria, which was propagated by the Agency’s Bacteriology Laboratory. In experimental method, 120 Aedes aegypti larvae (3rd instar) were exposed with four concentrations of biolarvacide formula (4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%) in 3 replicates. Results showed that exposure of biolarvacide formula caused the third instar larval mortality which started on the first day of exposure. Probit analysis showed LC50 value was obtained at concentration of 53.2 ppm. This shows that larvacide formula of Beauveria bassiana and chitinase enzyme compounds are effective to be used as larvacides against Aedes aegypti larvae.
Mikroorganisme Patogen pada Feses Tikus Widiastuti, Dyah; Pramestuti, Nova; Setiyani, Endang; Rahayu, Harjianti Fajar
Kesmas Vol. 8, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Tikus liar dan domestikasi mempunyai potensi faktor risiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Mereka dapat membawa mikroorganisme yang dapat ditransmisi melalui kontak dengan urine maupun feses atau melalui ektoparasit yang ada di tubuh mereka. Pada penelitian ini, diamati prevalensi mikroorganisme zoonotik pada tikus yang tertangkap di Pasar Kota Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Bakteri Salmonella paratyphi B dan Salmonella paratyphi C menunjukkan prevalensi yang paling tinggi (masing-masing 20%). Spesies bakteri lain yang ditemukan antara lain Salmonella typhimurium, Citrotobacter, Citrotobacter frendii, Enterotobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan Proteus miriabilis. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa tikus yang berada di pasar dapat berperan sebagai reservoir untuk berbagai bakteri zoonotik seperti Salmonella dan E.coli. Commensal as well as wild rats and mice may present a potential risk to public health. They may harbour microorganisms that can be transmitted either through contact with infected rodent urine or faeces, or through ectoparasites. Prevalence of zoonotic microorganism in house rat (Rattus tanezumi) was studied in City Market of Banjarnegara Regency. Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella paratyphi C showed the highest prevalence in faecal material of Rattus tanezumi (20%). The other species of bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Citrotobacter, Citrotobacter frendii, Enterotobacter cloacae, Eschericia coli (E. coli) and Proteus miriabilis were also found in this study. These results indicated that house rat may act as reservoir for zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella and E.coli.
Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Rat and Shrew Populations Using rpoB Gene and Its Spatial Distribution in Boyolali District Widiastuti, Dyah; Sholichah, Zumrotus; Agustiningsih, Agustiningsih; Wijayanti, Nastiti
Kesmas Vol. 11, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Leptospirosis merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Hingga April 2014, dilaporkan kasus leptospirosis yang ditularkan oleh tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali dengan angka kematian 83,3%. Genus Leptospira terdiri dari ratusan serovar dan tipe genetik yang hidup di pelbagai jenis habitat. Pengelompokan spesies Leptospira berdasarkan gen rpoB dapat digunakan karena tingkat polimorfisme gen tersebut tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serovar bakteri Leptospira pada populasi tikus di Kabupaten Boyolali menggunakan analisis hubungan kekerabatan didasarkan pada polimorfisme gen rpoB dan menggambarkan distribusi spasial tikus positif Leptospira di Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2014 di Desa Sindon Kecamatan Ngemplak dan Desa Jeron Kecamatan Nogosari, Kabupaten Boyolali. Pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction dilakukan pada 104 sampel ginjal tikus dari dua lokasi penelitian. Analisis spasial sederhana dilakukan untuk memetakan sebaran tikus yang positif Leptospira. Terdapat enam sampel positif gen rpoB Leptospira pada Rattus tanezumi, Rattus argentiventer dan Suncus murinus. Lima dari keenam sampel menunjukkan hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat dengan Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe berdasarkan gen rpoB. Satu isolat tidak memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan serovar manapun yang masuk dalam cluster. Analisis spasial berdasarkan jarak aktivitas harian tikus menunjukkan tikus positif Leptospira ditemukan berada dalam kisaran 30 meter dan 150 meter dari penderita leptospirosis. Leptospirosis becomes health problem in Indonesia. Until April 2014, cases of leptospirosis transmitted by rats were reported in Boyolali with case fatality rate (CFR) 83.3%. Leptospira genus consists of various serovars and genetic types living in different environment. Classification of Leptospira species based on rpoB gene could be used as this gene has high level of polymorphism. This study aimed to identify Leptospira serovars in rat population using kinship analysis based on rpoB gene polymorphism and to describe spatial distribution of rats with Leptospira positive in Boyolali District. A cross sectional study was conducted on April 2014 at Sindon Village in Ngemplak Subdistrict and Jeron Village in Nogosari Subdistrict, Boyolali District. Polymerase Chain Reaction test was performed on 104 rat kidney samples from the two locations of study. Spatial analysis was conducted to map distribution of rats with Leptospira positive. There were six positive rpoB gene samples in Rattus tanezumi, Rattus argentiventer and Suncus murinus. Five of six positive samples showed the closest genetic kinship to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe based on rpoB gene. One isolate did not have a close genetic kinship to any serovar included in the cluster. Spatial analysis based on home range buffer zone showed that rats with Leptospira positive were found in 30 meter and 150 meter from leptospirosis patients.
Co-Authors Agustiningsih Agustiningsih Bina Ikawati Endang Setiyani Harjianti Fajar Rahayu Nastiti Wijayanti Nova Pramestuti Upik Kesumawati Hadi Zumrotus Sholichah