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PENGARUH PENYOSOHAN SEREALIA SORGUM DAN JEWAWUT TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GIZI, EKSTRAK SERAT ?-GLUKAN DAN AKTIVITAS PROLIFERASI SEL LIMFOSIT Salimi, Yuzda; Zakaria, Fransiska; P, Bambang; Widowati, S
Sainstek Vol 6, No 3, 2011
Publisher : Jurnal Sainstek

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Abstract

Sorghum and millet are food crop cereals that grow well in diverse climate and soil condition including in dry climate in Indonesia. This high dry climate adaptability among other beneficial characteristics such as resistance to pests and high productivity, makes them very potential food plants to cultivate to support food availability for mankind. Recently it has been reported than both sorghum and millet have health functionality due to their bioactive components in addition to the normally existing nutrient content such as phenolic and fibers compounds. ?-glucan is among the fiber content in sorghum and possibly millet and has been reported to produce good health effects such as prevents diabetes, radiation, and inflammation, and lowers cholesterol. Our previous research has shown that both sorghum and millet have high antioxidant activities. The method of research in this study consists of two procedures. The first one consists of trying of processing procedures of sorghum and millet. The best processing procedures were screened by organoleptic evaluation and chemical analysis. The second procedure consist of ?-glucan extraction and testing in immune-modulator on human lymphocyte cells. The results of this research showed that both sorghum polished for 20 second and millet for 100 second as the most accepted by limited panelist. Extract glucan are the highest from unpolished (12%) and polished for 20 second (6.7%) while millet polished for 100 second resulted in 3.2% glucan. Sorghum and millet that have the highest glucan content also showed the highest lymphocyte proliferation stimulation activity obtained in our previous research, which indicate immunomodulator activity of both sorghum and millet related to their glucan content. Abstrak: Sorgum dan jewawut merupakan tanaman serealia yang dapat tumbuh di berbagai keadaan lingkungan sehingga sangat potensial dibudidayakan dan dikembangkan, khususnya pada daerah-daerah marginal dan kering di Indonesia. Keunggulan sorgum terletak pada daya agroekologi yang luas, tahan terhadap kekeringan, produksi tinggi, lebih tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit dibandingkan tanaman pangan lain. Sorgum dan jewawut merupa-kan serealia yang menyehatkan dan berpotensi menggantikan beras sehingga menunjang program diversifikasi pangan sumber karbohidrat, mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan vitamin dan mineral, juga merupakan sumber serat pangan yang sangat baik bagi kesehatan pencernaan dan kesehatan secara umum. Serat pangan ?-glukan merupakan komponen penting yang terdapat pada sorgum dan jewawut dilaporkan memberi pengaruh positif terhadap kesehatan seperti antihiperkolesterol, antiradiasi, antiinflamasi dan antidiabetes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkat-kan potensi serealia sorgum dan jewawut sebagai pangan fungsional yang berfungsi sebagai imunomodulator. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap yakni tahapan pertama meliputi pengolahan sorgum dan jewawut berdasarkan waktu penyosohan. Tahapan kedua adalah analisa kandungan gizi seperti analisa proksimat, ekstraksi ?-glukan, uji aktivitas imuno-modulator terhadap proliferasi sel limfosit. Hasil penelitian terhadap tepung biji sorgum dan jewawut berdasarkan waktu sosoh 20 detik untuk sorgum dan 100 detik untuk jewawut terpilih beberapa formula yang digunakan untuk analisa terbaik. Ekstrak glukan tertinggi pada sorgum non sosoh (12%) dan sosohan 20 detik (6.7%) sedangkan untuk jewawut pada sosohan 100 detik (3.2%). Ekstrak serat glukan tertinggi signifikan terhadap indeks stimulasi proliferasi sel limfosit dan berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Hal ini menandakan adanya aktivitas imunomodulator ekstrak glukan dari sorgum dan jewawut. Kata Kunci: Sorgum, Jewawut, Ekstrak Glukan, Proliferasi sel limfosit.
Purification and Characterization of Peanut Lipoxygenase Enzime B A.S Santosa; A Eliana; S Widowati
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2005): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

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Abstract

Fat oxidation of peanut is a serious problem, because it could reduce of peanut quality and form a hydroperoxide compound. Hydroperoxide could be broken down into acid, ketone and low peptide, and resulted in volatile compounds with undersirable aroma. Extraction on enzyme was carried out by water, while purification and fractination were conducted using ammonium sulphate and chromatography. The objective of this research was to evaluate of the protein fraction, lipoxygenase properties, and enzyme activity during fractionation. The result showed that the highest fraction of protein was globulin, i.e 41-48% of total extracted protein, and the activity of lipoxygenase enzyme in the albumin fraction was 40-54% of the total activity. Purification of lipoxygenase enzyme was conducted by using ammonium sulphate (40-60% saturated) and this increased its specific activity up to 2.0-4.2 timer from the crude enzyme. Separation of lipoxygenase enzyme using sephadex G-150 revealed 3 (tree) peaks of activities, with specific activities 6.0-70.0 fold of the crude enzyme. Lipoxygenase enzyme of gajah variety denatured when heated at 700C during 30 minutes. The activition energy of lipoxygenase enzyme from Gajah variety (19.083 Cal/Mol) was relatively lower than 1509 and 1512 which were, 25.446 Cal/Mol and 24.780 Cal/Mol, respectively. The result showed that lipoxygenase enzyme from Gajah variety was relativeky more heat stable as compared to the 1509 and 1512 lines. Lower activation energy of lipoxygenase enzyme indicated that effect of temperature alteration toward ‘k’ value was smaller. Lipoxygenase enzyme was active at pH higher than 3.0 or lower than 10.0. the data indicated that ‘Km’ value of lipoxygenase enzyme from Gajah variety was higher than that of 1509 and 1512 lines. It means that lipoxygenase enzyme from 1509 and 1512 lines more reactive that gajah variety. Key words : Lipoxygenase, peanut, purification