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Mahmoud M. A. Eid
Taif University

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Optical fiber sensors: review of technology and applications Mahmoud M. A. Eid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 25, No 2: February 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp1038-1046

Abstract

There is a huge increase in the usage of optical fiber sensors in various fields, especially the field of communications, as these sensors have been employed in a promising industry, namely, the internet of things. This industry is witnessing a growing demand for more sensors as well as employing them in new applications, and there is an urgent need to invent new sensors to meet our requirements in providing more time, luxury, and effort with the highest quality and the best possible performance. But there is now a lot of information about optical sensors as well as many classifications and applications. There are also some developments in a scientific research yard. The main objective of this paper is to introduce short, effective, and concentrated points in optical fiber sensors such as a brief historical background, their structure, and their different operation principles, different classifications for these sensors according to different categories, and finally advantages of fiber optical sensors compared to traditional electronic sensors. I hope this content will be very useful to anyone interested in these types of sensors. This review is done with particular assurance on the recently published information.
First order surface grating fiber coupler under the period chirp and apodization functions variations effects Alsharef Mohammad; Mohammed S. Alzaidi; Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Vishal Sorathiya; Sunil Lavadiya; Shobhit K. Patel; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 25, No 2: February 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp1020-1029

Abstract

The paper has demonstrated the first order surface grating fiber coupler under the period chirp and apodization functions variations effects. The Fiber coupler transmittivity/reflectivity, the fiber coupler grating index change and the fiber coupler mesh transmission cross-section are clarified against the grating length with the quadratic/cubic root period chirp and Gaussian/uniform apodization functions. The fiber coupler delay and dispersion are simulated and demonstrated with grating wavelength with quadratic/cubic root period chirp and Gaussian/uniform apodization function. As well as the fiber coupler output pulse intensity is simulated against the time period with the quadratic/cubic root period chirp and Gaussian/uniform apodization function. The fiber coupler peak intensity variations against the transmission range variations is also demonstrated by OptiGrating simulation software.
Free space optical communication system for indoor applications based on printed circuit board design Alsharef Mohammad; Mohammed S. Alzaidi; Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Vishal Sorathiya; Sunil Lavadiya; Shobhit K. Patel; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 25, No 2: February 2022
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp1030-1037

Abstract

This study clarified an overview of wired and wireless optical communication system block diagram with practical applications. Freespace optical (FSO) communication is a trending field that is rising so fast to replace electromagnetic waves in a communication, so we have presented a theoretical circuit as an example and modified it to fit and work in communication purposes, simulation is used and then practical work is done and printed circuit board (PCB) is designed. Light emitting diode (LED) have been used as transmitter and Photo Transistor as a receiver and variable resistance to change voltage sent to the LED that indicates the change in the transmitted signal.
High modulated soliton power propagation interaction with optical fiber and optical wireless communication channels Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Ashraf S. Seliem; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed; Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed; Mohamed Yassin Ali; Shaimaa S. Abaza
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 3: March 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1575-1583

Abstract

This paper has presented high modulated soliton power transmission interaction with optical fiber and optical wireless communication channels at flow rate of 40 Gbps and 20 km link range. The proposed modulation schemes are continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK), Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), minimum shift keying (MSK), and optical quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK). CPFSK has presented better performance than other proposed modulation schemes for both optical fiber and optical wireless communication channels. The enhancement of optical signal/noise ratio at fiber/wireless channel, received electrical power and signal/noise ratio at optical receiver with increase of bits per symbol for different proposed modulation schemes except for CPFSK scheme. Therefore it is evident that CPFSK modulation scheme is more efficient and better performance than other modulation schemes for different communication channels. The obtained results are simulated with optisystem program version 13.
Recently employed engineering techniques to reduce the spread of COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019): a review study Bander Saman; Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Marwa M. Eid
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 22, No 1: April 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp277-286

Abstract

The main challenges of today’s global health care system are to reach to strong healthcare system, to provide effective methods to eliminate the increase in the number of dead and infected with virus of COVID-19. Therefore, during the last few months, the great importance and efficacy of a variety of engineering techniques that have greatly contributed in curbing the spread of the COVID-19, and evenly help to eliminate it according to recent scientific studies was highly prominent. Among these promising technologies in this field we mention, but not limited to, the use of ultraviolet (UV) rays to disinfection of air and surfaces. In addition, thermal imaging technology, which was employed using infrared radiation for monitoring people in crowded areas and human groups to determine who have abnormal temperatures, so that all preventive measures are taken. Robots have also been used and harnessed to perform many tasks that limit the spread of the virus and maintain the integrity of the human element. Last but not least, facial recognition techniques have also been used to limit the spread of this pandemic. Ultraviolet radiation is one of physical therapy modalities that can be used to increase the efficiency of human immune system to fight the virus. In conclusion UV radiation, infrared thermal imaging, robotics, AFR technologies are now widely used to reduce the spread of this virus and manage the outbreak.
Dental lasers applications in visible wavelength operational band Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Iraj Sadegh Amiri; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed; Preecha Yupapin
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 18, No 2: May 2020
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp890-895

Abstract

There is no doubt that radiation has many side effects in our lives, so our goal in this study is to reduce our use of radiation in the diagnosis of tooth caries, and in order to achieve this goal we used the field of optical fiber in the detection of some diseases associated with oral and dental medicine. This diagnosis was accomplished by shedding light on the teeth, to be diagnosed and creating an image that allows the doctor to examine them and determine whether there are caries or any root problems. The principle is also used to detect oral cancer, fractures, and cracks in bones. This study also allows us to detect early caries, and this method saves time because it gives the diagnosis at the same time while the patient is in the treatment unit of the dental clinic. Thus the main advantages of this method are, enable the dentist to view images on the display unit attached to the clinic in real-time, compare current photos with old photos of the same patient. Also, the dentist can create a photo archive of each tooth individually and can retrieve and compare them whenever he wants.    
Fixed scattering section length with variable scattering section dispersion based optical fibers for polarization mode dispersion penalties Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 3: March 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1540-1547

Abstract

This study has clarified the fixed scattering section length with variable scattering section dispersion based optical fibers for polarization mode dispersion penalties at high data rates. The max. signal power/min. noise power is simulated against time after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The overall total light power is simulated after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. In addition to the overall total electrical power is clarified through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. Eye diagram analyzer for signal quality is also simulated through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The max. Q Factor, electrical signal power after APD receiver variations against scattering section dispersion variations for various data rates.
High speed pulse generators with electro-optic modulators based on different bit sequence for the digital fiber optic communication links Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Ashraf S. Seliem; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed; Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed; Mohamed Yassin Ali; Shaimaa S. Abaza
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 2: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp957-967

Abstract

The paper outlines the simulation of various pulse generators for the enhancement of optical fiber access transmission networks within flow rate of 10 Gbps and transmission range of 100 km. The pulse generators are gaussian, hyperbolic secant, triangle, sine, raised cosine in the transmission stage. Proposed pulse generators are mixed with both electro-absorption modulator (EAM) and mach-zehnder modulator (MZM) for efficient transmission. We have compared the max.  the quality factor with using proposed pulse generators against nonreturn to zero (NRZ) return to zero (RZ) pulse generators in the previous research works for different bit sequences. The signal power amplitude is tested for both optical fiber and PIN photodetector optical time-domain visualizer and RF spectrum analyzer by using in the optimum cases for different bit sequence. It is observed that proposed pulse generators/EAM have presented an efficient increase in Q-factor value compared with proposed pulse generators/MZM for different bit sequences.
Different soliton pulse order effects on the fiber communication systems performance evaluation Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 23, No 3: September 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1485-1492

Abstract

The study outlined the soliton pulse order effects on the performance efficiency of the optical transceiver systems. The power after fiber is reported for various Soliton pulse order. Max optical signal power (SP) and min optical noise power (NP) are clarified versus time after optical fiber for various soliton pulse order. As well as the max electrical power amplitude against time period is demonstrated after electrical filter for various soliton pulse order. It is reported that the optical transceiver performance efficiency can be upgraded with the first soliton order pulse. The soliton technique is used for high speed communication transmission systems. Soliton technique is used to compensate the dispersion and balanced with nonlinear effects. The soliton order effects is then discussed to choose the suitable soliton order for high speed system performance efficiency. The soliton techniques can be used also for extended ultra high transmion distance with high data rates.
The key management of direct/external modulation semiconductor laser response systems for relative intensity noise control Mahmoud M. A. Eid; Ashraf S. Seliem; Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed; Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed; Mohamed Yassin Ali; Shaimaa S. Abaza
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 21, No 2: February 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp968-977

Abstract

This study outlines the management of either direct or external modulation semiconductor laser systems for the key solution of bit rate up to 25 Gb/s under relative intensity noise (RIN) control. The bias and modulation peak currents based laser rate equations are optimized to achieve max Q factor and min bit error rate (BER) using first proposed model and optical/electrical signal power, optical/electrical signal to noise ratio are also enhanced using second proposed model. The percentage enhancement ratio in max. Q-factor and min. BER using first proposed model ranges from 53.25 % to 71.63 % in compared to the previous model. In the same way, by using second proposed model, the electrical signal power at optical receiver is enhanced within the range of 48.66 % to 68.88 % in compared to the previous model. Optical signal/noise ratio (OSNR) after optical fiber cable (OFC), signal/noise ratio (SNR) after electrical filter are measured with using different electrical pulse generators and electrical modulators at the optimization stage. The first proposed model reported better max. Q and min. BER values than the previous model. In addition to the second proposed model (direct modulation) has outlined better optical/electrical signal power than the previous model, while max. Q, min. BER values are kept constant. It is found that non return to zero pulse generator has presented better signal power than other pulse generators by using second proposed model. As well as the mixed of raised cosine pulse generator with external modulator reported max. Q, min. BER with other pulse generators by using first proposed model. OSNR at OFC is optimized by using continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) electrical modulator, While SNR at optical receiver is optimized by using phase shift keying (PSK) electrical modulator.
Co-Authors Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed Alsharef Mohammad Ashraf S. Seliem Bander Saman Iraj Sadegh Amiri Marwa M. Eid Mohamed Yassin Ali Mohammed S. Alzaidi Norah Muhammad Alwadai Preecha Yupapin Shabana Urooj Shaimaa S. Abaza Shobhit K. Patel Sunil Lavadiya Vishal Sorathiya