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STUDI KARAKTERISASI MIGRASI FOSFAT LUMPUR IPAL YOGYAKARTA DALAM TANAH MENGGUNAKAN PERUNUT 32P Muharini, Anung; Wijayanti, ester; Ardiani, Donna
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2001): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

IPAL Yogyakarta mud contains high concentration of phosphate that can polute groundwater. To study phosphate migration with matematical model needs the data of soil properties and phosphate migration characterization in that soil. The phosphate migration characterization is determine in laboratorium scale using soil colomn nethod. The soil that are used in this research are soil at IPAL location (IPAL soil) and soil at soil at Physics Engineering Department GMU (PE soil). The tracer that is used is 32P radioisotop dan the detector is Geiger Muller detector. For IPAL soil the soil mass is 20 g, soil length is 2,1 cm, water height is 20 cm, and the flow rate of water 0,0038 cm3/s. For PE soil the soil mass is 25 g, soil length is 2,2cm, water height is 20 cm, and the flow rate of water are 0,0275 cm3/s and 0,0071 cm3/s.The result shows that IPAL soil is clay class soil and PE soil is sand class soil. The IPAL soil porosity is 0,2997 and PE soil is 0,303. IPAL soil permeability is 5,6984x10-5 cm/s and the average velosity is 1,79x10-4 cm/s. On PE soil for the flow rate of 0,0275 cm3/s the soil permeability is 4,338x10-4 cm/s, average velocity is 1,2818x10-2 cm/s, distribution coefficien is 0,88 ml/g, dispertion coefficien is 8,0971x10-3 cm2/s, phosphate migration velocity is 3,6429x10-3 cm/s, and the retardation factor is 3,5186. For the flow rate of 0,0071 cm3/s the soil permeability is 1,110x10-4 cm/s, average velocity is 3,322x10-3 cm/s, distribution coefficien is 1,345 ml/g, dispertion coefficien is 2,5339x10-3 cm2/s, phosphate migration velocity is 9,8888x10-4 cm/s, and the retardation factor is 3,3594. For the higher of flow rate the migration is higher. IPAL soil has capability to hold polutans.

STUDI KARAKTERISASI MIGRASI FOSFAT LUMPUR IPAL YOGYAKARTA DALAM TANAH MENGGUNAKAN PERUNUT 32P Anung Muharini; ester Wijayanti; Donna Ardiani
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2001): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Center for Environmental Technology - Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology

IPAL Yogyakarta mud contains high concentration of phosphate that can polute groundwater. To study phosphate migration with matematical model needs the data of soil properties and phosphate migration characterization in that soil. The phosphate migration characterization is determine in laboratorium scale using soil colomn nethod. The soil that are used in this research are soil at IPAL location (IPAL soil) and soil at soil at Physics Engineering Department GMU (PE soil). The tracer that is used is 32P radioisotop dan the detector is Geiger Muller detector. For IPAL soil the soil mass is 20 g, soil length is 2,1 cm, water height is 20 cm, and the flow rate of water 0,0038 cm3/s. For PE soil the soil mass is 25 g, soil length is 2,2cm, water height is 20 cm, and the flow rate of water are 0,0275 cm3/s and 0,0071 cm3/s.The result shows that IPAL soil is clay class soil and PE soil is sand class soil. The IPAL soil porosity is 0,2997 and PE soil is 0,303. IPAL soil permeability is 5,6984x10-5 cm/s and the average velosity is 1,79x10-4 cm/s. On PE soil for the flow rate of 0,0275 cm3/s the soil permeability is 4,338x10-4 cm/s, average velocity is 1,2818x10-2 cm/s, distribution coefficien is 0,88 ml/g, dispertion coefficien is 8,0971x10-3 cm2/s, phosphate migration velocity is 3,6429x10-3 cm/s, and the retardation factor is 3,5186. For the flow rate of 0,0071 cm3/s the soil permeability is 1,110x10-4 cm/s, average velocity is 3,322x10-3 cm/s, distribution coefficien is 1,345 ml/g, dispertion coefficien is 2,5339x10-3 cm2/s, phosphate migration velocity is 9,8888x10-4 cm/s, and the retardation factor is 3,3594. For the higher of flow rate the migration is higher. IPAL soil has capability to hold polutans.

Development of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Distributed Simulator Based on IEC 61499 Wildan Fatkhurrohman; Awang Noor Indra Wardana; Ester Wijayanti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i1.15610

Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is one of the most important process units in oil refining. Operator skill is one of the determining factors for operational success. The operator cannot train his skills at the plant because it will endanger the ongoing process. Operators' skills can be trained through simulation media. This study developed an FCC model IV process simulator to meet these needs. The application of the IEC 61499 standard uses to create simulation models based on IEC 61499 runtime environments (FORTE). Model validation based on reference simulations. The average percentage of error steady under normal operating conditions is 1.63%. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values for changes in the coking factor, atmospheric temperature and feed temperature are 4.40%, 7.26%, and 6.05%, respectively. Modeling of FCC products on 6 components (gas oil, diesel oil, gasoline, light gas, liquid petroleum gas, and coke) was added as a simulation result. Percent of gas oil conversion between simulation results and plant data has an error of 0.12%. The total fraction value of the components of the simulation results is 1.00 for each operating condition. The simulator interface in the form of a human-machine interface (HMI) was developed using Node-RED. Data communication between FCC simulation models on FORTE and HMI on Node-RED uses the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol. Implementation of the IEC 61499 standard allows the simulation model to be distributed across several resources. The distribution of resources is done by simulating the FCC process to be run on several FORTE. The FCC simulation model distributed at 2, 4, and 7 resources can reduce memory usage compared to the 1 centralized resource model by 18.0%, 36.0%, and 48.8%.

Komparasi Pemodelan dan Identifikasi Sistem pada Dinamika Temperatur Gas Buang Ruang Bakar pada Circulated Fluidized Bed Boiler Muhammad N. Anis; Awang N. I. Wardana; Ester Wijayanti
Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Vol 8 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Instrumentasi dan Otomasi (PTIO) - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/joki.2016.8.2.5

Seringkali fokus pembangkitan listrik di PLTU adalah pada kondisi uap (T & P), jumlah produksi uap (ton/h) dan beban daya (100%) namun efisiensi pembakaran jarang diperhatikan sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan mesin. Indikator efisiensi pembakaran batu bara adalah dinamika temperatur gas buang ruang bakar. Untuk mendapatkan sistem instrumentasi-kendali yang handal dan efisien dibutuhkan pemahaman mendalam terhadap sistem. Langkah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dapat dengan cara membentuk dan memahami model matematis sistem.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan model matematis dari fenomena dinamika temperatur gas buang ruang bakar. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan membandingkan metode matematis dan identifikasi sistem. Pemodelan matematis dilakukan dengan menggunakan neraca massa dan neraca energi, sedangkan identifikasi sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan struktur model multiple-input-single-output ARMAX sebagai pendekatan sistem linier. Setelah model didapatkan, model divalidasi dengan data lapangan pada kondisi operasi. Hasil validasi model berupa prediksi dinamika temperatur gas buang ruang bakar dari masing-masing metode dibandingkan kualitasnya (fit & MSE). Dengan menganalisis hasil didapatkan bahwa model hasil pemodelan matematis menghasilkan nilai kesesuaian kurva sebesar 86,4218% dan nilai galat kuadrat rerata sebesar 0,1632 oC dan model hasil identifikasi sistem menghasilkan nilai kesesuaian kurva sebesar 86,8596% dan nilai galat kuadrat rerata sebesar 0,1529 oC.

Perancangan Struktur Kontrol Penggilingan Batubara pada Sistem Pembakaran Batubara Stefanus Yudi Irwan; Awang Noor Indra Wardana; Ester Wijayanti
Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika Vol 15, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

The inability of the coal mill control structure to monitor and control pulverized coal ﬂow causes operational and environmental problems. The research was done to design the new control structure for coal mill in coal firing system to achieve an improvement on control system performance compared to the existing control structure. Cascade control, blend station, and feedback control was used to control the ﬂow of coal, the ﬂow of primary air, and temperature of the pulverized coal. The result of the evaluation shows that the new control structure capable of fulfilling all the control objectives applied to it. Implementation of the new control structure capable to make the step response of the coal mill to have an average settling time at 161.75 seconds with 0% overshoot. The new control structure also capable to make the pulverized coal fineness at the range of 70% to 75% and moisture content at the range of 2.18% to 2.28%. The result of the evaluation makes the control performance of the new control structure is better than the previous coal mill control structure.

Perancangan Struktur Kontrol Penggilingan Batubara pada Sistem Pembakaran Batubara Stefanus Yudi Irwan; Awang Noor Indra Wardana; Ester Wijayanti
Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika Vol 15, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17529/jre.v15i3.14605

The inability of the coal mill control structure to monitor and control pulverized coal ﬂow causes operational and environmental problems. The research was done to design the new control structure for coal mill in coal firing system to achieve an improvement on control system performance compared to the existing control structure. Cascade control, blend station, and feedback control was used to control the ﬂow of coal, the ﬂow of primary air, and temperature of the pulverized coal. The result of the evaluation shows that the new control structure capable of fulfilling all the control objectives applied to it. Implementation of the new control structure capable to make the step response of the coal mill to have an average settling time at 161.75 seconds with 0% overshoot. The new control structure also capable to make the pulverized coal fineness at the range of 70% to 75% and moisture content at the range of 2.18% to 2.28%. The result of the evaluation makes the control performance of the new control structure is better than the previous coal mill control structure.

THE PIPE DIAMETER EFFECT ON HEAT TRANSFER OF HELICAL COIL HEAT EXCHANGER IN THE SOLAR WATER HEATER STORAGE TANK Mustikaningtyas, Andhita; Sihana, Sihana; Wijayanti, Ester; Riyandi, Naufal
Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/dinamika.v9i1.72714

Solar thermal collectors are widely applied in various areas; one of them is solar water heating system. Inside the solar water heating system, there is a heat exchanger system located on thermal storage tank. It needs to develop the most efficient heat exchanger with some limited installation area. Helical coil heat exchanger is chosen as an alternative for saving the installation space by the coil helix geometry. The main difference between the helical heat exchanger and shell and tube heat exchanger is the geometry. This geometry causes differences in heat transfer process, as a result of the secondary flow in the fluid. This study analyzed the effect of the pipe diameter variance to heat transfer of helical coil heat exchanger, applied to solar water heating systems, performed by using three helical coils with pipe diameters variation, with an outer diameter of 6.4; 4.9; 2.95 mm. The heat transfer performance was analyzed by dimensionless number relationship with Wilson Plot technique. The experiment showed that, the performance of helical coil heat exchanger is better at bigger diameter. Forced convection inside the pipe obeyed Nui=ci.Re^0.7 with various ci number. The values of ci are bigger at bigger pipe diameter and higher hot water temperature.

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