Menik Winiharti
English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University Jln. Kemanggisan Ilir III, No. 45, Kemanggisan – Palmerah, Jakarta Barat 11480

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Journal : Humaniora

Sense Relations in Language Learning Winiharti, Menik
Humaniora Vol 1, No 1 (2010): Humaniora
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/humaniora.v1i1.2152

Abstract

Studying a language cannot be separated from studying the meaning of that language because when one is learning a language he/she is also learning the meaning of the language. The meaning of a language can be seen from its relation between words, i.e. the sense of one word is related to the sense of another. In this case there are two major groups of sense relations. The first group is the sense relations with regard to the sameness as synonymy. The second one is the sense relations of oppositeness as antonymy. This paper is to discuss both kinds of sense relations since they are important in semantics.
The Difference Between Modal Verbs in Deontic and Epistemic Modality Winiharti, Menik
Humaniora Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Humaniora
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/humaniora.v3i2.3396

Abstract

Modality is always interesting to discuss. Understanding it is crucial for both language teachers and learners. This essay discusses the concept of modality, its types and uses. It has a goal to find the difference between deontic and epistemic modality that is indicated by their modal verbs. It also provides the readers a better understanding of modality, particularly of its types and uses. The result of the analysis shows that in general, deontic modality indicates obligation and permission, while epistemic modality expresses possibility and prediction. However, the difference between deontic and epistemic modality is not a clear cut, since one single modal verb can express both types, and one single proposition can be expressed by more than one modal verb.  
Body Language in Youtube-Based Product Endorsements by Indonesian Influencers Winiharti, Menik; Hensen, Hensen
Humaniora: Journal of Indonesia Culture and Society Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): Humaniora: Journal of Indonesian Culture and Society (In Press)
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/humaniora.v17i1.14074

Abstract

Body language plays a crucial role in non-verbal communication by expressing emotions, attitudes, and intentions. Its dynamic nature allows individuals to convey diverse meanings, particularly in professional and business settings. Given the limited studies on the association between body language and product endorsement in the Indonesian digital context, the present research aims to fill this gap. Therefore, the goal is to identify the types of body language Indonesian influencers use in their YouTube videos. It also aims to identify their contextual meanings. The data for this research are collected from videos of three Indonesian YouTube influencers. A qualitative approach is employed to analyze body language. The findings highlight six common types of body language used by the influencers: hand gestures, facial expressions, finger gestures, eyebrow movements, body posture, and overall body movements. These non-verbal cues are strategically used to reinforce product reviews and increase viewer engagement. By incorporating these physical expressions, influencers can more effectively communicate their promotional messages and foster a deeper connection with their audience. These findings underscore the importance of body language in enhancing the persuasive power of online endorsements, particularly on social media platforms, within the Indonesian cultural context.