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All Journal STUDIA ISLAMIKA Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Musawa : Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Studia Islamika
Mark Woodward
Arizona State University
Religion Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Social Sciences

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Wahhabism, Identity, and Secular Ritual: Graduation at an Indonesian High School Rohmaniyah, Inayah; Woodward, Mark
Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 50, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Al-Jamiah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2012.501.119-145

Abstract

This paper concerns the social and ritual construction of social identities at Pondok Pesantren Madrasah Wathoniyah Islamiyah (PPMWI), a theologically Wahhabi oriented pesantren (traditional Islamic school) in Central Java, Indonesia. We focus on the inter-play of religious and secular symbols in the school’s graduation ceremonies (wisuda) for secondary school students and the ways it contributes to the construction of individual and social identities. Our analysis builds on Turner’s studies of the processual logic of rites of passage, Moore and Meyerhoff’s distinction between religious and secular ritual and Tambiah’s application of the Piercian concept of indexical symbols to the analysis of ritual. Theoretically we will be concerned with ritual, cognitive and social processes involved in the construction of religious identities. Empirically, we critique the common assumption that Salafi, and more specifically, Wahhabi, religious teachings contribute to the construction of exclusivist identities, social conflict and violence. In the case we are concerned with, religious tolerance and non-violence are among the defining features of Wahhabi identity.[Tulisan membahas konstruksi identitas ritual dan sosial pada sebuah pesantren yang berorientasi teologi Wahhabi, yaitu Pondok Pesantren Madrasah Wathoniyah Islamiyah (PPMWI). Diskusi akan difokuskan pada saling silang simbol-simbol agama dan sekuler dalam peringatan wisuda siswa menengah pertama serta signifikansinya dalam konstruksi identitas sosial dan individual. Analisis tulisan ini berdasarkan studi Turner mengenai logika proses dalam daur ritus (the processual logic of rites of passage), pembagian ritual agama dan sekuler oleh Moore dan Meyerhoff serta konsep Piercian mengenai indek simbolis dalam ritual oleh Tambiah. Secara teoritis, artikel ini akan mendiskusikan ritual, kognisi, dan proses sosial yang menjadi bagian dalam konstruksi identitas agama. Selain itu, penulis juga melakukan kritik terhadap pandangan umum mengenai Wahhabi yang dituduh sebagai identitas ekslusif, biang-kerok konflik sosial dan kekerasan. Penulis menemukan sebaliknya, bahwa toleransi antar agama dan anti-kekerasan adalah salah satu ciri identitas Wahhabi.]
Reflections on Java and Islam 1979-2010 Woodward, Mark
Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 49, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Al-Jamiah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2011.492.281-294

Abstract

Since the late 1970s, technological developments, especially in communications and transportation, have contributed to growth of new modes of social interaction and, at the same time, to the strengthening of social bonds in geographically dispersed social groups and communities in Yogyakarta. Increased educational opportunities and especially the development of the Islamic university system have contributed to the development of a Muslim middle class and with it a Muslim consumer culture. There has also been a significant shift in the ways in which relationships between culture (kebudayaan) and religion (agama) are conceptualised. Elements of Javanese Muslim tradition including prayer meals (slametan) that were formerly called agama are now more commonly referred to as kebudayaan. This shift reflects and has contributed to the diminution of sectarian conflict. This cultural strategy is not always successful. It does, however, provide a basis for proactive measures to counter sectarian violence. This is evident in “cultural” festivals supported by the kraton (palace) in response to attacks on cultural performance events by exclusivist religious groups.[Sejak dekade 1970an, kemajuan teknologi, utamanya dalam komunikasi dan transportasi, telah mengubah cara interaksi sosial masyarakat Yogyakarta dan, pada saat yang sama, semakin memperkokoh ikatan antar kelompok sosial. Semakin meningkatnya kesempatan belajar [sekolah], utamanya dengan berdirinya Universitas Islam, terbukti mendorong terciptanya kalangan ‘Muslim kelas menengah’ sekaligus konsumerisme yang melekat pada kalangan tersebut. Selain itu, terjadi pula perubahan konsep dalammenilai agama dan kebudayaan. Beberapa bentuk tradisi Islam Jawa, seperti slametan, yang dulunya dinilai sebagai ritual agama, saat ini hanya disebut sebagai kebudayaan. Perubahan ini menggambarkan dan bahkan berperan dalam meminimalisir konflik sektarian, seperti terlihat jelas dalam acara festival “budaya” yang diadakan kraton sebagai respon terhadap pembubaran pementasan budaya oleh kalangan Muslim ekslusif.]
The Tawdry Tale of "Sheikh" Puji and Luftiana: Child Marriage and Polygamy in Indonesian Discourse Woodward, Mark; Rochmaniyah, Inayah
Musawa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & The Asia Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/musawa.2009.82.259-282

Abstract

This paper concerns the practice of, and discourse concerning child marriage and polygamy in contemporary Indonesia and the religious, social, and political contexts in which they are located. It focuses on the tale of Pujiono Cahyo Widayanto, who is more commonly knoum as Sheikh Puji, and his child bride Umi Hani Lutfiana Ulfa that has reverberated through the Indonesian media for more than a year. Sheikh Puji and Lutfiana have become icons in a high stakes symbolic and legal drama pitting socially and religiously conservative groups against progressive Muslims advocating reform of Islamic Family Law, the empowerment of women and modernity. Sheikh Puji has become an iconic figure in this struggle for three reasons: his flamboyant style, his defiant disregard and contempt for Indonesian civil law, and the fact he combines polygamy and child marriage in a single package.
Legends and Legacies of Siti Jenar: Ecstatic Sufism and the Politics of Shath Woodward, Mark; Gohier-Mangkubumi, Lea Ontosinah
ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/esensia.v25i1.5594

Abstract

The legend of Siti Jenar is among the most widely known and controversial tales in Javanese Islamic literature. While the details vary enormously, the core of the story is the same. Siti Jenar is the saint (wali) who passes beyond religion, as it is usually defined. He comes to know that there is ultimately only one reality -- that of Allah -- and that we all share in it. He is put on trial for publicly proclaiming the doctrine of the unity of being (wahdat al-wujud) that identifies the human soul with the essence of Allah (dat) and for rejecting modes of ritual performance required by Shari’ah including the Friday prayer. He was then executed on orders from the other wali. There are many versions of the story in Javanese chronicles (babad) and religious texts. Many more that circulate as oral tradition. There is a continuous string of new books, most of the in Indonesian instead of Javanese and websites retelling the story for contemporary audiences.
Islam Nusantara: A Semantic and Symbolic Analysis Woodward, Mark
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol. 6 No. 2 (2017): HERITAGE OF NUSANTARA
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/hn.v6i2.398

Abstract

This paper presents semantic and symbolic analyzes of the concept of Islam Nusantara and how it evokes meaning and emotion to counter extremist and violent transnational movements, including al-Qaeda and ISIS, based on the Salafi-Wahhabi ideology. The paper is based on a religious, cultural, and political theme framework in two films produced by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU): The Blessing of Islam Nation (Oceans of Revelation: Islam as a Blessing for All Creation) and Launching the Film The Blessing Islam Nusantara. The first is based on elements of Sufism, Javanese and some other Indonesian cultures to build a vision of Islam which directly opposes the hard and non-violent Salafi-Wahhabi extremist. The latter promoted the film and the potential of the Ansor (NU) youth organization to combat extremism and terrorism. Theoretically, I rely on the insight by Goffman's observations of "framing" and "reframing" and Sperber's demonstration that symbolization is one of the cognitive processes that awaken and simultaneously communicate meaning and emotion.
ISLAMICATE CIVILIZATION AND NATIONAL ISLAMS: ISLAM NUSANTARA, WEST JAVA AND SUNDANESE CULTURE Woodward, Mark
Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019): HERITAGE OF NUSANTARA
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31291/hn.v8i1.542

Abstract

Relationships between Islam and local cultures, post-coloniality, the construction of National Islams and nationalisms are extraordinarily complex. They pose complex academic, theological and political problems. This paper considers examples from the province of West Java in post-colonial Indonesia. It will be concerned with the ways in which elements of local West Javanese/Sundanese culture are rejected by Islamist nationalists but at the same time incorporated into a regional variant of the culture friendly Islam Nusantara formulated by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in 2015. See Chamami (2015) and Woodward (2018). It also suggests that what Philosopher of Science Karl Popper termed the “situational logic” of Islam Nusantara is based on principles that have driven the construction of what Historian Marshal Hodgson (1974) termed Islamicate Civilizations since they emerged in the sixth century. Thorough consideration of these questions requires an overarching analytic and theoretical framework. Without one, we can produce disconnected, fragmentary analyses with limited practical applications. This paper is an attempt to establish such a framework. Building on Berger’s constructivist approach to the Sociology of Religion, it draws on seemingly divergent themes in the academic discourse about religion/society/state relationships in hope that the resulting synthesis will be of greater analytic utility and practical applicability than the sum of its parts. Empirically it focuses on West Java, Sundanese culture and emergence of alternative National Islams in contemporary Indonesia. It also makes comparative references to neighbouring countries, especially Malaysia. Theoretically, it is transdisciplinary, combining approaches from Cultural Anthropology, History, Political Science and Religious Studies. Given the current state of intra-Islamic political and religious discourse, it also necessarily focuses on debates between Sufi oriented “traditionalists” and Salafi oriented “modernists” that have been a major feature of colonial and post-colonial Muslim discourse for more than a century. It argues that alternative National Islams are shaped by a combination of theological debates and religion/state/society dynamics.
Paradigms, Models, and Counterfactuals: Decolonializing the Study of Islam in Indonesia Woodward, Mark
Studia Islamika Vol 32, No 1 (2025): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36712/sdi.v32i1.46005

Abstract

Decolonializing the study of Islam in Indonesia is a complex process. It involves not only the critique of colonial paradigms as instruments of domination and assessment of the ways in which they have shaped “normal science” (Kuhn 1962) research, but also the ways in which findings from them can contribute to the development of post-colonial, post-orientalist perspectives. This paper focuses on three themes. First: the ways in which research by two important colonial scholars concerned with Indonesian Islam, Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) and Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936) contributed to the formation of paradigms that endured for more than a century; second: the ways in which these paradigms contributed to the development of models of Indonesian Islams and finally steps necessary for the development of genuinely post-colonial, post-orientalist models and paradigms. Exploration of these issues relies on analytic tools from cultural anthropology, the philosophy of science and political science.
Paradigms, Models, and Counterfactuals: Decolonializing the Study of Islam in Indonesia Woodward, Mark
Studia Islamika Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): Studia Islamika
Publisher : Center for Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36712/sdi.v32i1.46005

Abstract

Decolonializing the study of Islam in Indonesia is a complex process. It involves not only the critique of colonial paradigms as instruments of domination and assessment of the ways in which they have shaped “normal science” (Kuhn 1962) research, but also the ways in which findings from them can contribute to the development of post-colonial, post-orientalist perspectives. This paper focuses on three themes. First: the ways in which research by two important colonial scholars concerned with Indonesian Islam, Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) and Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (1857-1936) contributed to the formation of paradigms that endured for more than a century; second: the ways in which these paradigms contributed to the development of models of Indonesian Islams and finally steps necessary for the development of genuinely post-colonial, post-orientalist models and paradigms. Exploration of these issues relies on analytic tools from cultural anthropology, the philosophy of science and political science.
Co-Authors Gohier-Mangkubumi, Lea Ontosinah Rochmaniyah, Inayah