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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AND OTHERS Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
Risalatu Mirajiah
International Women University
Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Faktor Internal dan Faktor Eksternal yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Demokratisasi di Myanmar Mirajiah, Risalatu
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Vol 9, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Parahyangan Center for International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (605.832 KB) | DOI: 10.26593/jihi.v9i2.1048.%p

Abstract

Abstract: Democratization in Myanmar has drawn international attention, when on April 1, 2012military junta held a free, fair general election. The success of Myanmar in holding the general electionwould become a new era of changes that was occurring domestically. Positive responses on thechanges were shown by not only Myanmars people but also the whole international comunities whichhad previously pressured the state due to various violations of human right and democracy. Basically,some democratizing efforts had begun since the government drafted a new constitution in 2008, up tothe winning of Thein Sein as President in the 2010 preliminary elections. Under Thein Sein leadership,there have been much changes leading to democracy, such as the achievement of ceasefire, economicimprovement, the release of political detainees, mass media freedom, general elections, and thereestablishment of parliamentary functions. The question in this paper was, “How these internal andexternal factors influence the occurrence of democratization in Myanmar?” In this paper, the writerdrew on the theories of democratization in describing the internal and external factors that haveinfluence on the occurrence of democratization, by the three approaches, namely, modernization,transition, and structural approaches, from David Potter. The paper results indicated that the aim of themilitary junta at implementing the democratization was due to some internal factors in a domesticscope, predominated by domestic actors, and some external factors in a framework of democratizationwaves by a reason of spreading or promoting democratic values, as well pressures and other sanctions.The entire threats have led to the decline of military junta legitimacy in political arena, and expulsionby international world. Therefore, the writer concluded that the relationship between the internalfactors and external factors would determine the continuity of democratization in Myanmar.Keywords : Democratization, Internal Factors, External Factors, Military Junta, Myanmar
China's Foreign Aid to Countries in Southeast Asia During The Covid-19 Pandemic Massa Risalatu Mirajiah
International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others Vol 5 No 3 (2022): International Journal of Education, information technology and others
Publisher : Peneliti.net

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6673150

Abstract

China is the country that has provided the most assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic to countries in the Southeast Asian Region. Some concrete efforts have been made by China such as diplomacy of masks, vaccines, and Medical Equipment and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) against all countries in the Southeast Asian region, including Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. These countries believe that China's humanitarian assistance is very much needed in this Covid-19 pandemic situation. However, in the course of this series of efforts, it gave rise to speculative assumptions from the international community. So that in the end, from this paper the author tries to answer the question of what is behind China's efforts to make foreign aid efforts to countries in the Southeast Asian Region using the concept of foreign aid from Maria Andersson. Maria explained that there are humanitarian, economic and socio-political motives in influencing a country's foreign aid. This is what the author will explain in this paper, in an effort to answer questions related to China's background in expanding its humanitarian assistance in the Southeast Asian Region. It is hoped that this paper can be used as a comparative material for similar research and as a contribution to ideas for interested parties.
Empowerment Women of Mekarmanik Village to Prevent Early through Balai Prima Women's School in 2020-2023 Sutantri, Sintia Catur; Wati, Risma; Mirajiah, Risalatu
Journal of Social Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Research Synergy Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/jsetp.v3i2.2482

Abstract

This research was motivated by the rampant phenomenon of early marriage in Indonesia, which has become a complex and controversial social issue. Early marriage was always associated with beliefs and traditions in a region with diverse cultures and religions. This study analyzes efforts to prevent early marriage in Mekarmanik Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency through women's empowerment. The program used is the Balai Prima girls’ school, which provides non-formal education for adolescent girls aged 13-18 years. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, focusing on data collection and analysis, to shed light on the phenomenon of early marriage in local social, cultural, and economic contexts. The results show that non-formal education and women's empowerment can increase awareness about women's rights and the risks of early marriage, as well as provide practical skills that aid decision-making. The implementation of this program is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in terms of gender equality and improving the quality of education. Therefore, it is important to address early marriage, which involves education, empowerment, and social change.
Indonesia's Defense Diplomacy through the MONUSCO Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Mirajiah, Risalatu; Ningsih, Wilda
Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10, Nomor 1 Juni 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jssh.v10i1.55625

Abstract

This study analyzes Indonesia’s defense diplomacy through its participation in the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). The prolonged conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has created multidimensional security challenges that require collective international responses through United Nations peacekeeping operations. Indonesia’s involvement in MONUSCO reflects not only its commitment to maintaining international peace and security, but also its strategic efforts in strengthening its role within multilateral security cooperation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method through literature studies, document analysis, and the examination of official reports from the United Nations, MONUSCO, and the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The study uses the theory of defense diplomacy to examine how Indonesia utilizes peacekeeping operations as an instrument to support foreign policy objectives and strengthen international cooperation. The findings show that Indonesia carries out defense diplomacy through peacekeeping activities, civil-military cooperation, humanitarian assistance, and Quick Impact Projects (QIP) aimed at supporting local communities in conflict areas. These activities contribute to strengthening Indonesia’s international image, enhancing military professionalism, and building trust with local communities. However, Indonesia also faces operational and security challenges in implementing defense diplomacy within the complex dynamics of multidimensional peacekeeping missions. This study concludes that Indonesia’s participation in MONUSCO represents a form of cooperative defense diplomacy that combines security and humanitarian approaches in supporting international peace efforts.
Rethinking Food Security in International Relations: Famine, Vulnerability, and Conflict in Somalia Mirajiah, Risalatu; Elfreda Harun, Khansa
Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Volume 10, Nomor 1 Juni 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jssh.v10i1.56055

Abstract

Food security has increasingly become an important issue in International Relations, particularly within non-traditional security studies. This article aims to rethink the concept of food security by examining the relationship between famine, vulnerability, and conflict in Somalia. Traditionally, understood as a humanitarian and development issue, contemporary global challenges such as armed conflict, political instability, climate change, and economic inequality demonstrate that food insecurity also constitutes a significant international security concern. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature-based analysis, this study explores how chronic famine in Somalia reflects the interconnectedness between food insecurity, state fragility, human vulnerability, and violent conflict. This study focuses on the 2020 and 2024 period, particularly covering the 2011 famine. To ensure the empirical reliability, the analysis relies on reports and datasets from key international institutions, including UN, FAO, WFP, IPC, the World Bank, and relevant scholarly publications. The findings reveal that famine in Somalia is not solely caused by natural factors such as drought, but is also deeply influenced by prolonged political instability, armed conflict, weak governance, and unequal access to resources. Furthermore, food insecurity contributes to social instability, displacement, humanitarian crises, and the expansion of extremist groups, thereby threatening both national and regional security. This article argues that food security must be viewed as a multidimensional security issue linked to international stability. By using Somalia as a critical empirical case, this study contributes to the broader discussion on non-traditional security and offers a deeper conceptual understanding of food security within International Relations studies.
Co-Authors Elfreda Harun, Khansa Ningsih, Wilda Sutantri, Sintia Catur Wati, Risma