I Nyoman Putu Budiartha
Faculty of Law, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali

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A Comprehensive Force Majeure Model Clause in Corporate Transactions in Indonesia I Gusti Agung Ayu Gita Pritayanti Dinar; I Nyoman Putu Budiartha
Sociological Jurisprudence Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/scj.3.2.1901.138-144

Abstract

Force majeure clause is presented in various models, from the simple to the complex ones that contain comprehensive descriptions, provisions, and notifications set out in an agreement with the details of the consequences of force majeure events. Force majeure clause serves as a complementary core clause and a renegotiating tool for the parties in the case of any event occurring beyond their reasonable control, which is important enough not to be overlooked by business actors. The Covid-19 pandemic which is currently ongoing worldwide, which has been declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020, has had a huge impact on the social life and the world economy which is very unsettling for business people, banks, and the society in general. The research questions investigated in this study are: (i) What are the factors causing failures in the performance of contractual obligations? (ii) What is a comprehensive force majeure model clause for corporate transactions in Indonesia? This study employs the normative legal research method. A normative legal research is guided by the characteristics of the object of the research, yet remains limited by the expected outcome of the norms initially established. The theories applied in investigating the problems in this research are the will theory (wilstheorie), trust theory (vertrouwensttheorie), and statement theory (verklaringstheori). In this study, will be identified a comprehensive force majeure clause enables the party who experiences a force majeure event to waive some provisions in the contract agreement.
A New Global Regulation on Public Health – Is the World Ready for A Second Treaty? I Nyoman Putu Budiartha; Rahmat Mohamad
Sociological Jurisprudence Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/scj.5.1.2022.1-7

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a worldwide pandemic that has caused in high number of deaths in many countries and across national boundaries. In its early stage, governments all over the world have decided to implement lockdowns and closing of national border as ad hoc measures to slow down the drastic increase of the widespread of Covid-19. The United Nations through the UN General Assembly at its 74th session adopted Resolution on Global solidarity to fight COVID-19 recognized that this pandemic requires a global response based on unity, solidarity and renewed multilateral cooperation. The UN General Assembly passed under resolution on international cooperation to ensure global access to medicines, vaccines and medical equipment to face Covid-19 pandemic. This article is divided into three parts; the background of the current health security regulatory system under the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005; the pursuance of pandemic treaty sponsored by WHO and 26 countries from Europe, Latin America and Asia and its justifications and the challenges ahead in resolving world pandemic regulatory system. The IHR aims for international collaboration "to prevent, protect against, control, and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks and that avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade”. There is a need to design a compulsory mechanism for alert to act much earlier and the alert system must be a build in compulsory mechanism. The compliance can only be made possible through the availability of coordination platform between WHO and other international organization like IMO, WTO and ICAO. Thirdly, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) must play the vital role in giving the mandate to WHO to implement the coordination with other international organization. Hence, member states must therefore, give their political commitment in ensuring the successful coordination with other international agencies.