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S. ZAUYAH
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC SOILS IN BANTEN AREA I, FAUZI A.; ZAUYAH, S.; STOOPS, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 22 (2004): Desember 2004
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n22.2004.%p

Abstract

Four pedons derived from acid and intermediary tuffs in Banten area had been described and sampled for a pedogenesis study. Micromorphological features related to pedogenesis processes were observed through thin sections of some representative horizons using a petrographic microscope. Mineralogical, chemical, and physical data were also used to support interpretation. The results showed that microstructures of soils developed on intermediary tuff had more porous structures and homogenous finemass than those on acid tuff. Groundmass of the soils on intermediary tuff was characterized by dominant fine mass yellowish to reddish brown color, andwith few opaque and weathered minerals. Whereas the soils on the acid tuff had light to strong brown finemass and many coarse quartz particles. Pedofeatures were found as clay coatings on pores especially in the soils with clear dry season climate. Pumice particles and some fresh plagioclase in the surface horizons of the soils was predicted to come from Krakatau ash of the eruption in 1883. Generally, micromorphological, mineralogical,chemical, and physical characteristics of the soils indicated that weathering process and soil genesis more intensive on the intermediary tuff than on the acid tuff. This research is expected to give more knowledge about micromorphological characteristics and pedogenesis processes of the volcanic soils and the influence of Krakatau ash in Banten area.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VOLCANIC ASH SOILS FROM SOUTHERN PART OF MT. TANGKUBAN PERAHU, WEST JAVA YATNO, EDI; ZAUYAH, S.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 23 (2005): Desember 2005
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n23.2005.%p

Abstract

Three soil pedons developed on young andesitic volcanic ash with high mineral deposit and high P retention, granular soil structure, high porosity, and low bulk density, were differentiated based on their morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Pedons 1 and 3 are discontinue or bisequm pedons characterized by the presence of more contrast colour and new buried materials on layer 4, while pedon 2 isrelatively younger than pedons 1 and 3. Mineralogical composition of pedons 1 and 3 is very different compared with pedon 2. Pedons 1 and 3 have high total porosity resulting in easy to the soil leaching. Pedon 2 with higher bulk density tends to be more compact although its soil texture is light, indicating soil character of Andisols from this young volcanic material. High P retention and low base saturation may bring about high Pfertilizer need. Pedons 1 and 3 have lower feldspar content as K sources compared with pedon 2, while the content of opaque minerals is higher in pedons 1 and 3 indicating more developed pedons. The top layer of pedon 1 has lower opaque minerals but higher hornblende than pedon 3 due to different land use. The presence of alophane minerals in pedon 1 and 3 can be detected from the results of Selective Dissolution Analysis, but they do not detected on X-ray diffraction patterns. In pedon 2, however, alophane minerals show convex diffraction patterns. Based oncharacteristics of their soil physics, chemistry, and mineralogy, pedons 1 and 3 were classified as Thaptic Hapludands, and pedon 2 as Typic Melanudands. The increase of P availability on the three pedons can be done by P fertilization and liming to accelerate substitution of Al-P to Ca-P and increase of soil pH.
MINERALOGICAL, PHYSICAL, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS FROM ANDESITIC VOLCANIC TUFF OF MT. BURANGRANG, WEST JAVA YATNO, EDI; ZAUYAH, S.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 21 (2003): Desember 2003
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n21.2003.%p

Abstract

Information of soils on andesitic volcanic tuff in Indonesia is still limited. Three soil pedons, formed in andesitic volcanic tuff situated in the intensively cultivated vegetable growing areas and secondary forest areas around the Mt. Burangrang, were studied to understand the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of these soils. All pedons are located in the middle slope with elevation of about 1000 m above sea level (asl). Bulk and undisturbed soil samples of each horizon were analyzed in the laboratory. The results indicated that all the pedons have very deep solum (> 150 cm), granular to subangular blocky structuresand friable to very friable consistences. Mineralogy of the clay fraction of pedons 2 and 3 is dominated by metahalloysite, whereas large amounts of gibbsite are only present in pedon 1. Mineralogical composition of the sand fraction is predominantly composed of opaque minerals, while weatherable minerals such as hornblende, augite, hypersthene and plagioclase (andesine and labradorite) are present in various amounts. Soil bulk density values are generally less than 0.9 mg m-3. Soil reaction is acid to extremely acid, whereas soil pH NaF is of less than 9.4. Aluminum saturation is high in pedon 3 and upper horizons of pedon 1. Organic carbon contents are generally medium in the surface horizons and decrease with depth. Exchangeable bases are dominated by Ca and Mg in medium to very low amounts, cation exchange capacity is medium to high, and base saturation varies ranging from very low to medium. All the pedons studied do not meet the requirements of andic soil properties (P retention of less than 85%), and are classified as Andic Dystrudepts. Thelow bulk density may contribute to the more favourable soil tilth leading to easy tillage and root development. However, high soil acidity in most soils studied is a limiting factor for plant growth.
Co-Authors Edi Yatno FAUZI A. I G. STOOPS