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Zack ST. Lim
Retired RPH (Registered Pharmacist), USA
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Microbiome and Its Roles in Gut-Brain Axis Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 8 (2019): Kesehatan Anak
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i8.446

Abstract

Among the trillions of microbes that live in our intestinal tract, scientists have found groups of species that play a key role in our health and disease conditions. These microbes harbored on our mucosal and skin surfaces with the bulk of it in the colon of our lower gut system. It is commonly referred to as gut commensal. In this review we summarized briefly our current knowledge of these microbiota or microbiome, and how they work to affect our functions in different organs and systems including our brain and immune system, either directly or indirectly through their metabolites. Technical advances in genetic sequencing such as metagenomic and 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing had greatly facilitate researches on microbiome. Our review will be focused mainly on the roles of microbiome in the gut-brain axis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics for intervention of dysbiosis or altered microbiome will also be discussed.Di antara jutaan mikroba di dalam usus, beberapa kelompok di antaranya dapat berperan dalam kesehatan manusia; secara umum dikelompokkan sebagai gut commensal. Tulisan ini meninjau peranan kelompok tersebut, cara kerjanya dalam memengaruhi metabolisme manusia, termasuk otak dan sistim imun, baik secara langsung maupun dengan perantaraan metabolitnya. Kemajuan teknologi seperti metagenomic dan 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing sangat membantu penelitian mikrobiome. Tulisan ini terutama meninjau peranan mikrobiome pada gut-brain axis; juga akan dibicarakan peranan probiotik dan prebiotik untuk intervensi disbiosis. 
Cancer Immunotherapy and CAR T Cells Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45, No 12 (2018): Farmakologi
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v45i12.551

Abstract

Within the past decade, radical changes of idea emerged from the works of research scientists, medical experts and oncologists. Instead of treating cancers with man-made chemicals or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or surgically remove the tumor, we should unleash the power of our own body immune system. Indeed, such approach has borne fruits and benefited at least for some cancer patients. This review described various types of immunotherapy known to date, with its beneficial effects, albeit some with serious harmful effects. To understand how immunotherapies worked, we also review some biologic characteristic of cancer cell that let them evade attacks from our immune system; cancer microenvironment that works in favor or protecting the growth of cancer against our immune system will also be discussed.Hanya dalam jangka 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi perubahan radikal hasil penelitian penyakit kanker. Di samping cara klasik penyembuhan kanker seperti obat-obat kimia sintetik, kemoterapi dan radiologi atau pembedahan, kini para ahli telah menggunakan sistim imunitas tubuh penderita sendiri. Cara ini telah terbukti dalam pengobatan beberapa pasien kanker. Dalam ulasan ini kami akan memaparkan beberapa immunoterapi saat ini dengan hasil baik meskipun masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan dan efek samping. Akan diulas dan dijelaskan sifat-sifat biologi sel kanker, dan bagaimana kanker sel bisa menghindari serangan sistim imun; dan lingkungan mikrokanker (cancer microenviroment) yang melindungi kanker dari sistim imun. 
Senolytics: A Potential Fountain of Youth. Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 2 (2019): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i2.524

Abstract

Senolytics are groups of natural compounds, small molecules drugs and methods that eliminate senescent cells in the body of an organism. This review illustrate the pathogenesis or factors that lead to cellular senescence. As cellular senescence is the main culprit for age-associated diseases, the development of various classes of senolytics is of paramount importance in maintaining or even extending our health-span. Different classes of senolytics with some perspective of its potential for clinical applications will also be discussed.Senolyitcs merupakan kelompok senyawa alami, obat dan metode yang melenyapkan sel-sel tua dari tubuh. Tinjauan ini membahas patogenesis dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan proses penuaan sel. Mengingat penuaan sel merupakan penyebab utama penyakit-penyakit akibat penuaan, pengembangan berbagai jenis senolytics sangat penting dalam upaya mempertahankan dan memperpanjang harapan hidup. Akan dibicarakan pula beberapa kelas senolytics beserta potensi klinisnya.
Microbiome and Its Roles in Gut-Brain Axis Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol. 46 No. 8 (2019): Pediatri
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i8.422

Abstract

Among the trillions of microbes that live in our intestinal tract, scientists have found groups of species that play a key role in our health and disease conditions. These microbes harbored on our mucosal and skin surfaces with the bulk of it in the colon of our lower gut system. It is commonly referred to as gut commensal. In this review we summarized briefly our current knowledge of these microbiota or microbiome, and how they work to affect our functions in different organs and systems including our brain and immune system, either directly or indirectly through their metabolites. Technical advances in genetic sequencing such as metagenomic and 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing had greatly facilitated researches on microbiome. Our review will be focused mainly on the roles of microbiome in the gut-brain axis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics for intervention of dysbiosis or altered microbiome will also be discussed. Di antara jutaan mikroba di dalam usus, beberapa kelompok di antaranya dapat berperan dalam kesehatan manusia; secara umum dikelompokkan sebagai gut commensal. Tulisan ini meninjau peranan kelompok tersebut, cara kerjanya dalam mempengaruhi metabolisme manusia, termasuk otak dan sistem imun, baik secara langsung maupun dengan perantaraan metabolitnya. Kemajuan teknologi seperti metagenomic dan 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing sangat membantu penelitian mikrobiom. Tulisan ini terutama meninjau peranan mikrobiom pada gut-brain axis; juga akan dibicarakan peranan probiotik dan prebiotik untuk intervensi disbiosis.
Senolytics : A Potential Fountain of Youth. Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol. 46 No. 2 (2019): Interna
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i2.511

Abstract

Senolytics are groups of natural compounds, small molecules drugs and methods that eliminate senescent cells in the body of an organism. This review illustrate the pathogenesis or factors that lead to cellular senescence. As cellular senescence is the main culprit for age-associated diseases, the development of various classes of senolytics is of paramount importance in maintaining or even extending our health-span. Different classes of senolytics with some perspective of its potential for clinical applications will also be discussed. Senolyitcs merupakan kelompok senyawa alami, obat dan metode yang melenyapkan sel-sel tua dari tubuh. Tinjauan ini membahas patogenesis dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan proses penuaan sel. Mengingat penuaan sel merupakan penyebab utama penyakit-penyakit akibat penuaan, pengembangan berbagai jenis senolytics sangat penting dalam upaya mempertahankan dan memperpanjang harapan hidup. Akan dibicarakan pula beberapa kelas senolytics beserta potensi klinisnya
Cancer Immunotherapy and CAR T Cells King S Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45 No 12 (2018): Interna
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v45i12.683

Abstract

Within the past decade, radical changes of idea emerged from the works of research scientists, medical experts, and oncologists. Instead of treating cancers with man-made chemicals or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or surgically remove the tumor, we should unleash the power of our own body immune system. Indeed, such approach has borne fruits and benefited at least for some cancer patients. This review describes various types of immunotherapy known to date, with its beneficial effects, albeit some with serious harmful effects. To understand how immunotherapies work, we also review some biologic characteristics of cancer cells that let them evade attacks from our immune system; cancer microenvironment that works in favor or protecting the growth of cancer against our immune system will also be discussed. Hanya dalam jangka 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi perubahan radikal hasil penelitian para ahli, ahli medis, dan ahli onkologi. Di samping cara klasik penyembuhan kanker seperti obat-obat kimia sintetik atau kemoterapi dan radioterapi atau pembedahan, kini para ahli telah menggunakan sistem imunitas tubuh penderita sendiri. Cara ini telah terbukti dalam pengobatan beberapa pasien kanker. Dalam ulasan ini kami akan memaparkan beberapa immunoterapi saat ini dengan hasil baik meskipun masih terdapat beberapa efek samping berbahaya. Untuk memahami bagaimana imunoterapi bekerja, akan diulas dan dijelaskan sifat-sifat biologi sel kanker, dan bagaimana kanker sel bisa menghindari serangan sistem imun; dan lingkungan mikrokanker (cancer microenviroment) yang melindungi kanker dari sistem imun.
Anti-aging Interventions: Caloric Restriction and Beyond Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45 No 9 (2018): Infeksi
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v50i9.726

Abstract

Aging is the biggest risk factor for most of the age-related chronic diseases, which carried a heavy health-care costs burden worldwide. These age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis, shared common mechanisms that associate with aging, such as chronic sterile low grade inflammation, cellular senescence, DNA damages, and stem cells dysfunctions. In this review, we will first discussed the dietary manipulation, such as caloric restriction as the mean of delaying aging, and we will also review nutraceuticals or natural compounds, and pharmaceutical drugs as the mean for intervention of aging. Proses menua dikaitkan dengan berbagai penyakit kronis terkait-usia, yang mengakibatkan beban biaya perawatan kesehatan yang besar di seluruh dunia. Penyakit-penyakit tersebut meliputi penyakit kardiovaskuler, penyakit neurodegeneratif, kanker, diabetes tipe 2, dan osteoartritis, yang mempunyai gambaran umum serupa yaitu inflamasi steril kronis kadar rendah, penuaan sel, kerusakan DNA, dan disfungsi sel punca. Tinjauan ini berkenaan dengan manipulasi diet berupa restriksi kalori, dan nutraceuticals serta senyawa alami, juga sediaan farmakologis untuk tujuan mengintervensi proses penuaan
Microbiome and Its Roles in Gut-Brain Axis Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46 No 8 (2019): Pediatri
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i8.422

Abstract

Among the trillions of microbes that live in our intestinal tract, scientists have found groups of species that play a key role in our health and disease conditions. These microbes harbored on our mucosal and skin surfaces with the bulk of it in the colon of our lower gut system. It is commonly referred to as gut commensal. In this review we summarized briefly our current knowledge of these microbiota or microbiome, and how they work to affect our functions in different organs and systems including our brain and immune system, either directly or indirectly through their metabolites. Technical advances in genetic sequencing such as metagenomic and 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing had greatly facilitated researches on microbiome. Our review will be focused mainly on the roles of microbiome in the gut-brain axis. The use of probiotics and prebiotics for intervention of dysbiosis or altered microbiome will also be discussed. Di antara jutaan mikroba di dalam usus, beberapa kelompok di antaranya dapat berperan dalam kesehatan manusia; secara umum dikelompokkan sebagai gut commensal. Tulisan ini meninjau peranan kelompok tersebut, cara kerjanya dalam mempengaruhi metabolisme manusia, termasuk otak dan sistem imun, baik secara langsung maupun dengan perantaraan metabolitnya. Kemajuan teknologi seperti metagenomic dan 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) sequencing sangat membantu penelitian mikrobiom. Tulisan ini terutama meninjau peranan mikrobiom pada gut-brain axis; juga akan dibicarakan peranan probiotik dan prebiotik untuk intervensi disbiosis.
Senolytics : A Potential Fountain of Youth. Khing S. Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46 No 2 (2019): Interna
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v46i2.511

Abstract

Senolytics are groups of natural compounds, small molecules drugs and methods that eliminate senescent cells in the body of an organism. This review illustrate the pathogenesis or factors that lead to cellular senescence. As cellular senescence is the main culprit for age-associated diseases, the development of various classes of senolytics is of paramount importance in maintaining or even extending our health-span. Different classes of senolytics with some perspective of its potential for clinical applications will also be discussed. Senolyitcs merupakan kelompok senyawa alami, obat dan metode yang melenyapkan sel-sel tua dari tubuh. Tinjauan ini membahas patogenesis dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan proses penuaan sel. Mengingat penuaan sel merupakan penyebab utama penyakit-penyakit akibat penuaan, pengembangan berbagai jenis senolytics sangat penting dalam upaya mempertahankan dan memperpanjang harapan hidup. Akan dibicarakan pula beberapa kelas senolytics beserta potensi klinisnya
Cancer Immunotherapy and CAR T Cells King S Ong; Zack ST. Lim; Boenjamin Setiawan
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 45 No 12 (2018): Interna
Publisher : PT Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v45i12.683

Abstract

Within the past decade, radical changes of idea emerged from the works of research scientists, medical experts, and oncologists. Instead of treating cancers with man-made chemicals or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or surgically remove the tumor, we should unleash the power of our own body immune system. Indeed, such approach has borne fruits and benefited at least for some cancer patients. This review describes various types of immunotherapy known to date, with its beneficial effects, albeit some with serious harmful effects. To understand how immunotherapies work, we also review some biologic characteristics of cancer cells that let them evade attacks from our immune system; cancer microenvironment that works in favor or protecting the growth of cancer against our immune system will also be discussed. Hanya dalam jangka 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi perubahan radikal hasil penelitian para ahli, ahli medis, dan ahli onkologi. Di samping cara klasik penyembuhan kanker seperti obat-obat kimia sintetik atau kemoterapi dan radioterapi atau pembedahan, kini para ahli telah menggunakan sistem imunitas tubuh penderita sendiri. Cara ini telah terbukti dalam pengobatan beberapa pasien kanker. Dalam ulasan ini kami akan memaparkan beberapa immunoterapi saat ini dengan hasil baik meskipun masih terdapat beberapa efek samping berbahaya. Untuk memahami bagaimana imunoterapi bekerja, akan diulas dan dijelaskan sifat-sifat biologi sel kanker, dan bagaimana kanker sel bisa menghindari serangan sistem imun; dan lingkungan mikrokanker (cancer microenviroment) yang melindungi kanker dari sistem imun.
Co-Authors Boenjamin Setiawan Boenjamin Setiawan Boenjamin Setiawan Khing S. Ong Khing S. Ong King S Ong