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Natural Dyes from Roselle Flower as a Sensitizer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Dayang Suriani; Muhammad Irwanto Misrun; Gomesh Nair; Baharuddin Ismail
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 9, No 1: January 2018
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp191-197

Abstract

Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. well known as Roselle flower was used as sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The dyes were extracted using distilled water (DI) and ethanol (E) extract solvent in an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes with a frequency of 37 Hz by using ‘degas’ mode at the temperature of 30°. Doctor blade method was applied in the fabrication of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on ITO glass. Absorption spectra of Roselle dye with different extract solvent were tested using Evolution 201 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to identify the functional active group in extract dye. Based on FTIR result, the broad absorption at peak 2889 cm-1, 2976 cm-1, and 3366 cm-1 attributed to the O-H stretching which is the presence of hydroxyl group. The use Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis are to characterize the surface morphology and element in the TiO2 thin film.
Comparative Analysis of Earthing Resistance on Rod and Plate Electrodes for Improvement of Earthing Resistance Values Yoga Tri Nugraha; Lidya Rahmani Laia; Baharuddin Ismail
Journal of Electronics, Telecommunication, Electrical, and Physics Science Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): J. ETAPs (April 2022)
Publisher : ETAPs (Journal Electronics, Telecommunication, Electrical, and Physics Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (393.989 KB) | DOI: 10.20122/etaps.v1i2.3161

Abstract

The availability of a grounding system must have the smallest grounding resistance value. To obtain a grounding resistance value with a certain value is influenced by several factors such as: the shape of the grounding system, soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, electrode diameter, soil electrolyte content and others. the ground surface, and in the form of plates or plates, all of which are designed to reduce grounding resistance. From the results of measurements and calculations, the value of grounding resistance is obtained from the measurement results above, indicating the depth of the grounding electrode is 1.5 m deep, at this depth the value of grounding resistance is 0.98 Ω. The rod electrode, while the plate electrode is 1.6 Ω. and the calculation of the ground resistance using Dwight's formula, the average value of the rod electrode is 0.9 Ω and the plate, the average value is 0.5 Ω. There is a difference between the results of calculations and measurements this is due to differences in the perception of the type of electrode used. It is < 1 Ω meets the requirements of PUIL, 2000, for wet and moist soil types.
Democratizing Climate Intelligence Through Localizez Large Language Models for Education and Governance Zulfikar Aji Kusworo; Widyana Verawaty Siregar; Baharuddin Ismail; Defry Hamdhana
VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38038/vocatech.v8i1.325

Abstract

 AbstractClimate change presents complex challenges in Indonesia, where local governments and communities frequently experience information asymmetry and limited access to expert knowledge, particularly in low-resource and low-connectivity regions. This study aims to develop and evaluate a localized, domain-adapted Large Language Model (LLM) that functions as offline-capable climate knowledge infrastructure for education and local governance in Indonesia. The research method employs a design science research methodology comprising four stages: (1) selection of Qwen3-4B as the base model, (2) curation of an Indonesian climate and energy transition corpus containing approximately 12,400 instruction-response pairs (~38 MB) drawn from national climate policy documents, NDC/RPJMN frameworks, renewable energy guidelines, and educational climate science texts, (3) parameter-efficient fine-tuning using QLoRA with LoRA rank r=16, alpha=32, learning rate 2e-4, 3 epochs, per-device batch size 2 with gradient accumulation 4, and 4-bit NF4 quantization, and (4) offline deployment on consumer-grade hardware with task-oriented evaluation against three baseline models (Qwen3-4B-Thinking, Gemma-3-4B, LLaMa-3.1-8B). The results show that the fine-tuned model (Qwen3-4B-REnewbie v1) achieved a 15.4% perplexity reduction on domain-specific test data and an average qualitative score of 9.3/10 across factual accuracy, reasoning structure, and Bahasa Indonesia language compliance, outperforming all baselines (score range 7.0–8.2). The system operates fully offline on consumer-grade hardware with acceptable inference latency. The conclusion drawn from this study is that localized, resource-efficient LLMs can function as practical climate knowledge infrastructure for vocational education and local governance in Indonesia, aligning with Green AI principles and supporting the democratization of climate intelligence in low-connectivity settings. AbstrakPerubahan iklim menghadirkan tantangan kompleks di Indonesia, khususnya bagi pemerintah daerah dan komunitas lokal yang sering mengalami asimetri informasi dan keterbatasan akses terhadap pengetahuan pakar di wilayah dengan sumber daya dan konektivitas terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi Large Language Model (LLM) yang dilokalkan dan diadaptasi ke domain iklim sebagai infrastruktur pengetahuan iklim berbasis offline untuk pendidikan dan tata kelola lokal di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan design science research yang meliputi (1) pemilihan Qwen3-4B sebagai base model, (2) kurasi korpus iklim dan transisi energi Indonesia berisi sekitar 12.400 pasangan instruksi-respons (~38 MB) dari dokumen kebijakan iklim nasional, kerangka NDC/RPJMN, panduan energi terbarukan, serta teks ilmiah iklim, (3) parameter-efficient fine-tuning berbasis QLoRA (LoRA rank r=16, alpha=32, learning rate 2e-4, 3 epoch, batch size 2 per perangkat dengan gradient accumulation 4, dan kuantisasi 4-bit NF4), dan (4) deployment offline pada perangkat keras kelas konsumen dengan evaluasi berorientasi tugas terhadap tiga baseline (Qwen3-4B-Thinking, Gemma-3-4B, LLaMa-3.1-8B). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan model hasil fine-tuning (Qwen3-4B-REnewbie v1) menghasilkan penurunan perplexity sebesar 15,4% pada data uji domain dan skor kualitatif rata-rata 9,3/10 pada dimensi akurasi faktual, struktur penalaran, dan kepatuhan Bahasa Indonesia, mengungguli seluruh baseline (kisaran 7,0–8,2), serta beroperasi sepenuhnya secara offline pada perangkat konsumen dengan latensi inferensi yang dapat diterima. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah LLM yang dilokalkan dan hemat sumber daya dapat berfungsi sebagai infrastruktur pengetahuan iklim yang praktis bagi pendidikan vokasi dan tata kelola lokal di Indonesia, selaras dengan prinsip Green AI dan mendukung demokratisasi kecerdasan iklim di wilayah berkonektivitas terbatas.