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Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics of Indonesia Low Rank Coal and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Siti Zullaikah
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Co-pyrolysis behaviors of Indonesia low rank coal and oil palm empty fruit bunch were studied in a droptubed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis temperatures were 300 oC, 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC and 700 oC, respectively. Five differents biomass ratios (coal/oil palm empthy fruit bunch (w/w): 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) were used. Gas and tar components were analyzed by a gas chromatograph and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Under co-pyrolysis conditions, the gas volume yields are lower than the calculated values and H2 content in the gas phase was higher. The changes of gas yield and components are probably caused by the secondary reactions and tar decomposition.Co-pyrolysis tar contains more acid and ester compounds. The addition of biomass changes the atmosphere during the pyrolysis process and promotes tar decomposition. The results of char yields were higher than the calculated values during co-pyrolysis.
Subcritical Water Extraction of Essential Oils from Indonesia Basil (Kemangi) Leaf: Effects of Temperature and Extraction Time on Yield and Product Composition Siti Zullaikah
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2015: Prosiding SNTKK 2015
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

This study investigated the extraction of essential oils from Indonesia basil (kemangi) leaf which have a potential antibacterial agent using subcritical water. Effects of temperature and extraction time on yield and product composition of basil oil obtained were study systematically. In this work, experiments were performed in a tubular stainless steel reactor at temperature from 150oC to 215oC for 1 to 9 h of extraction at a certain pressure (P= 40 bar)used fresh basil leaf. The yield and product composition of basil oils obtained were affected by temperature and extraction time. The yield of basil oil increased with increasing extraction time. However, yield of basil oil decreased from 1.41% to 1.2% with increasing temperature from 200oC to 215oC for 9 h of extraction time. The composition of essential oils obtained were varied depending on the temperature of extraction. Components in the basil oil which have an antibactial agent such as 1,8 Cineole, Tricosane and Eugenol were identified using subcritical water at temperature 200oC.
PRODUKSI IN SITU BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK DEDAK PADI DALAM AIR-METANOL SUBKRITIK Siti Zullaikah; Erick Z. Simatupang; Ricardo G. Siregar; Yulia T. Rahkadima; M. Rachimoellah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 6 (2013)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/

Abstract

Abstrak Pengembangan energi alternatif, seperti biodiesel, merupakan salah satu solusi terhadap masalah keamanan energi nasional. Kendala utama dalam produksi biodiesel yaitu tingginya biaya produksi, dapat dikurangi dengan penggunaan bahan baku murah, penyederhanaan proses produksi dan pemanfaatan produk samping. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari produksi biodiesel dari minyak dedak padi secara in situ dalam air dan metanol subkritik. Produksi biodiesel dari minyak dedak padi dilakukan secara in situ dalam air dan metanol subkritik tanpa kehadiran katalis seperti NaOH dan H2SO4. Gas CO2 sebagai gas penekan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan dan perolehan biodiesel dalam produk. Pada kondisi operasi T = 200 °C, P = 35 bar dan perbandingan dedak padi/metanol/air adalah 1/1/4 (g/mL/mL), biodiesel dengan kemurnian 89,07% dan perolehan 86,33% diperoleh dalam waktu reaksi selama 3 jam. Kandungan asam lemak bebas berkurang dari 63,69% menjadi 9,98%. Air subkritik sebagai pelarut untuk mengekstraksi minyak dalam dedak padi dapat menurunkan penggunaan metanol, sementara kemampuannya sebagai katalis dalam reaksi esterifikasi/transesterifikasi dapat mengeliminasi tahap netralisasi sehingga secara keseluruhan biaya produksi dapat dikurangi. Kata kunci: dedak padi, biodiesel, transesterifikasi in situ, air subkritik, tanpa katalis Abstract IN SITU PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM RICE BRAN OIL UNDER SUBCRITICAL WATER AND METHANOL. Development of alternative energy, such as biodiesel, is one of the solutions toward national energy security problem. The main hurdle in the biodiesel production is high production's cost. It can be reduced by applying cheap raw materials, simplifying the process, and utilization of byproduct of biodiesel production. Therefore, the objective of this work was in situ production of biodiesel from rice bran oil under subcritical water and methanol. Rice bran was converted directly into biodiesel using subcritical water and methanol without the need for conventional catalyst such as NaOH and H2SO4. Pressurized by CO2 was applied to increase the purity and yield of biodiesel in the product. At T = 200 °C, P = 35 bar and ratio of rice bran/methanol/water of (g/mL/mL), biodiesel with purity of 89.07% and yield of 86.33% were obtained within three hours. Free fatty acids level was reduced from 63.69% to 9.98%. Since a methanol to rice bran ratio used was less and water was employed as an efficient solvent for extraction of lipids in rice bran, and as catalyst for the conversion of neutral lipids into biodiesel, neutralization is not required; therefore, the processing costs for producing biodiesel from rice bran are reduced. Keywords: rice bran, biodiesel, in situ trans-esterification, subcritical water, catalyst-free