<![CDATA[Baby yoga is a non-pharmacological developmental stimulation approach combining gentle stretching, core muscle activation, and vestibular stimulation to support gross motor development in infants aged 3-12 months. The World Health Organization estimates developmental disorders affect around 30% of children under five worldwide, while in Indonesia the proportion is estimated at 12.8%. Evidence on the effectiveness of baby yoga is scattered across research designs, measurement instruments, and inconsistent terminology (baby yoga, baby gym, infant exercise), requiring a systematic appraisal. This study aimed to review and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of baby yoga on infant gross motor development through a systematic literature review approach following the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Literature searches on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Garuda covering 2016-2026 yielded 47 identified articles. After duplicate removal, title-abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment using the PICO framework, 23 articles met the criteria and were narratively synthesized. The review found that baby yoga and overlapping tactile-kinesthetic stimulation modalities (baby gym/infant exercise, baby spa, infant massage, tummy time exercise) were consistently effective in improving infant gross motor scores (p<0.05), with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), the Indonesian Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP), and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST II) as the most commonly used instruments, at an optimal dose of 2-3 sessions per week for 15-20 minutes per session. It can be concluded that baby yoga is effective in improving infant gross motor achievement through neuroplasticity, core strengthening, and vestibular integration mechanisms, supporting its recommendation as an evidence-based developmental stimulation option in primary health care.]]>
