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Z Kusuma
Brawijaya University, Malang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Effects of organic matter application on methane emission from paddy fields adopting organic farming system Nungkat, P; Kusuma, Z; Handayanto, E
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 2 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2014.022.303

Abstract

A study that was aimed to determine the effect of the use of organic manure and azolla on methane emission on paddy field of organic systems was conducted on paddy fields in the Gempol Village, Sambirejo District of Sragen Regency, Indonesia. The experimental design performed for this study was a completely randomized block design consisting of three factors; the factor I was rice cultivars (Mira-1; Mentik Wangi; Merah Putih); factor II was dose of organic manure (0 t/ha and 10 t/ha) and factor III was Azolla inoculums dose (0 t/ha and 2 t/ha). Gas sampling was conducted 3 times in one growing season when the rice plants reached ages of 38, 66 and 90 days after planting. The results showed that there was no correlation between the uses of organic fertilizers for rice production on methane emission. The increase of methane emission was very much influenced by the redox potential. Methane emission from Mira-1 field was higher than that from Mentik Wangi and Merah Putih fields. Emission of methane gas from Mira-1 field ranged from -509.82 to 791.34 kg CH4/ha; that from Wangi ranged from -756.77 to d 547.50 kg CH4/ha and that from Merah Putih ranged from -399.63 to 459.94 kg CH4/ha. Application of 10 t organic manure /ha and 2 t azolla/ha in Mentik Wangi reduced methane emissions with a high rice production compared to Merah Putih and Mira-1.
The effect of motor vehicle emission towards lead (Pb) content of rice field soil with different clay content Wati, C C; Prijono, S; Kusuma, Z
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2015.031.453

Abstract

Motor vehicle gas emission contains lead (Pb) which is a hazardous and toxic substance. Agricultural land, especially rice field, which is located nearby roads passed by many motor vehicle, are susceptible to the accumulation of Pb. If Pb is permeated by plants cultivated in the rice field, it will be very hazardous for humans as they are the final consumers. Hence, it is essential to identify Pb content of rice-field soil initiated by motor vehicle gas emission. This study was aimed to identify the effects of motor vehicle density, the distance between rice-field and road, and the clay content of soil towards Pb content of soils in Blitar and Ngawi Regencies of East Java. The method used for the study was survey method managed by using three-factor nested design with three replicates. The results of this study showed that motor vehicle density and the distance of rice field to road provide significant affected the total of Pb content of soil. However, the dissemination pattern of Pb in the soil was irregular due to the factors of climate and environment. Before Pb reached soil surface, Pb was spread out in the air due to the effect of temperature, wind velocity, vehicle velocity, size of vehicle, and road density. Consequently, the location with low motor vehicle density and positioned faraway to the road had higher total rate of Pb than the location with high motor vehicle density and positioned nearby the road. Clay content affected the total rate of Pb content as much as 37%, every 1% increase of clay content increased the total rate of Pb as much as 0.08 mg/kg.
Effects of humic acid-based cation buffer on chemical characteristics of saline soil and growth of maize Mindari, W; Aini, N; Kusuma, Z; Syekhfani, S
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2014.021.259

Abstract

Humic acid is believed to maintain the stability of the soil reaction, adsorption / fixation / cationic chelate, thereby increasing the availability of water and plant nutrients. On the other hand, the dynamics of saline soil cation is strongly influenced by the change of seasons that disrupt water and nutrient uptake of plants. This experiment was aimed to examine the characteristics of the humic acid from compost, coal, and peat and its function in the adsorption of cations (K+ and NH4+), thus increasing the availability of nutrients and growth of maize. The treatments tested were combination of three sources of humic acid (compost, peat and coal), two types of cation additives (K+ and NH4+), and three doses of humic acid-based buffer: 10, 20, and 30 g / 3kg. The treatments were evaluated against changes in pH, EC, cation exchange, chlorophyll content, plant dry weight and plant height. The experimental results showed that the addition of K+ and NH4+ affected the value of pH, CEC, K+, NH4+ and water content of the buffer. Application of humic acid-based buffer significantly affected exchangeable Na and exchangeable K. Humic pH dropped from > 7 to about 6.3, EC soil was about 0.9 mS / cm, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Na, and exchangeable K, respectively, were around 15.57-20:21; 1.76-6.52; 0.40-0.56 and 0.05-0.51 me / 100g soil. Plant growth (plant height, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and stem weight) at 35 days after planting increased with increasing dose of humic acid. The dose of 20g peat humic acid + NH4+ or 30g peat humic acid + K+ per 3 kg of saline soil gave the best results compared to the growth of maize from other treatments.
The effect of Al, Si and Fe contents (selective dissolution) on soil physical properties at the northern slope of Mt. Kawi Nita, I; Utami, S R; Kusuma, Z
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2015)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2015.023.319

Abstract

A toposequence at the northern slope of Mt. Kawi (East Java), having andic properties, were studied. Soil samples at various horizons from five profiles along the toposequence were selected for this study. Selective dissolution analyses (oxalate acid, pyrophosphate and dithionite citrate extractions) were performed to predict the amorphous materials, as reflected from the extracted Si, Al, and Fe. The contents of these three constituents were then correlated to the soil physical properties. The andic characters were indicated by low bulk density (0.43-0.88 g/cm3) and considerable amounts of Alo (1.3-4.2%) and Feo (0.6-2%), which tended to increase with depth. As a consequence, high content of total pores (>70%) and water content at pF 0, 2.54, and 4, as well as strong aggregate stability were detected (MWD of 2.4-4.5 mm and 1.4-4.5 mm, respectively, in Andisols and Non-Andisols). Water content at pF 0, 2.54, and 4, were significantly affected by respectively %Sio, % Fed, % Fep, and % Fed. However, bulk density was closely related to %Ald only.
Co-Authors C C Wati, C C E Handayanto I Nita N Aini P Nungkat S Prijono S R Utami S Syekhfani W Mindari