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All Journal Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
R. A. Ilyas
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Metal Oxides as Soluble Nano Catalyst on Biodiesel: A Review Setyo Pambudi; Agus Triono; Mochamad Asrofi; Iid Mufaidah; Yeni Variyana; R. A. Ilyas
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (737.656 KB) | DOI: 10.32530/jaast.v5i2.27

Abstract

Nano particles of metal oxide developed as soluble nano additive in liquid fuels to improve fuel quality. One application of nano metal oxide particles is an additive to biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Pure biodiesel has a relatively lower calorific value compared to fossil fuels. Low calorific value results in increased brake specific fuel consumption. Moreover, biodiesel has a higher density and viscosity compared to fossil fuel. The content of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gases with biodiesel is higher than fossil fuels. Metal oxide nanoparticles are added to biodiesel between 6 to 80 nm with concentrations about 50 to 500 ppm. Addition of metal oxide nanoparticles to biodiesel can improve brake thermal efficiency, reduce brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and improve carbon dioxide (CO2) emission due to the catalytic effect of metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal oxide acts as an oxidation catalyst thereby reduce the carbon combustion activation temperature and thus enhances hydrocarbon oxidation, promoting complete combustion. Nanoparticles that are often used in various studies are nickel (II) oxide (NiO), cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2). This review paper describes the progress and development of nano metal oxide applications as additives for biodiesel, and the discussion in this paper is divided into 3 main topics, including the effects of nanoparticles on the properties of biodiesel, engine performance, and emission characteristics.
Studies on Tensile Strength, Fracture Surface and Biodegradation of Biocomposite from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Filled by Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Mochamad Asrofi; Reza Marinanda Fajar; Dwi Djumhariyanto; Salahuddin Junus; R. A. Ilyas; M. R. M. Asyraf; L Rajeshkumar
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v2i1.75

Abstract

Synthetic plastic is a material that is difficult to decompose in the environment and causes serious problems in long term such as an increase in the volume of waste. To reduce plastic waste, biodegradable composite (biocomposite) is expected to overcome this problem. Natural cellulose fiber can be used as a filler in biopolymer matrix based biocomposite. This study aims to determine the tensile properties, fracture morphology, and biodegradation rate of biocomposite from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and sugarcane bagasse fiber. The test of biocomposite samples was carried out with a tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and soil burial test. The results show that the highest tensile strength and modulus elasticity was in PVA pure film for 2.15 MPa and 3.468 MPa, respectively. The addition of cellulose fiber from sugarcane bagasse in the PVA matrix does not have a strengthening effect on the tensile strength of the biocomposite. This is due to the presence of porosity, agglomeration, and poor bonding between the matrix and fiber according to the SEM observation. The biodegradation rate showed that all biocomposite samples were degraded in the soil and had weight loss above 40% after 15 days of burial in the soil.
Soil Burial Degradation and Morphology of PLA/Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites Ahmad Hibatullah; Salahuddin Junus; Mochamad Asrofi; R. A. Ilyas
Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jfpc.v5i2.614

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the degradation behavior and surface morphology of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with sugarcane bagasse fibers (SCBF). The biocomposites were fabricated using the vacuum bagging technique with fiber loadings of 0, 22, 24, and 26 wt%. Their performance was evaluated through a 21-day soil burial test, water solubility test, and surface morphology analysis using a digital optical microscope. The results revealed that the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse fibers enhanced the biodegradation rate of the PLA biocomposites under soil burial conditions. The highest weight loss (17.02%) was obtained for the biocomposite containing 26 wt% SCBF after 21 days of burial, which was attributed to microbial activity and the hygroscopic nature of the natural fibers. In contrast, the addition of SCBF reduced the water solubility of the biocomposites due to the formation of a denser fiber network within the PLA matrix, which restricted water penetration and improved structural integrity. Morphological observations confirmed surface degradation after soil burial, as evidenced by the formation of cracks, fissures, and voids on the biocomposite surface. Overall, the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse fibers effectively improved the biodegradability of PLA biocomposites while maintaining lower water solubility, highlighting their potential for environmentally friendly packaging applications.
Co-Authors Agus Triono Ahmad Hibatullah Dwi Djumhariyanto Iid Mufaidah L Rajeshkumar M. R. M. Asyraf Mochamad Asrofi Reza Marinanda Fajar Salahuddin Junus Setyo Pambudi Variyana, Yeni