Puti F. Marzuki
Construction Engineering & Management Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Identifying Contractors’ Planned Quality Costs in Indonesian Construction Projects Marzuki, Puti F.; Wisridani, M.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 46, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (714.028 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2014.46.4.2

Abstract

In  a very competitive construction industry, quality costs have to be measured  to  be  able  to  identify  potential  quality  problem  areas  and  to  focus attention  on  work  output  improvement  opportunities.  The  awareness  of contractors on the importance of quality costs could be reflected in the extent of their  quality  costs  planning.  This  paper  presents  an  identification  of  planned quality  costs  in  three  construction  projects  executed  by  two  large  Indonesian contractors,  a  state-owned  company  and  a  private  company  in  Jakarta.  The objective is to enable the contractors to elaborate their quality costs planning and thereby improve their work output based on the findi ngs. Quality  costs  are  first grouped into  three  categories: prevention, appraisal,  and  failure  costs.  Based on the  works  of  previous  researchers,  a  list  of  quality  management  activities  that should be covered in each quality costs category is then created. The contractors’ planned quality costs data  for each category are  identified and  collected through interviews  and  questionnaire  surveys  that   refer  to  the  list.  Quality  costs  are expressed  as  a  percentage  of  contract  value.  It  is  revealed  that  although  large contractors  already  have  certain  knowledge  on  quality  costs  in  construction projects,  these costs are  not planned in a structured way  through an analysis of systematic  quality  costs  records.  Through  cost  categorization  it  is  also  shown that higher prevention and appraisal costs lead to lower failure costs.  It is then concluded  that  a  lot  of  work  is  still  to  be  done  by  the  contractors  to  set  up  a quality  costs  recording  system  which  can  serve  as  a  basis  for  their  quality improvement planning.
KONTRAK KERJA BERBASIS KINERJA DAN EVALUASI PENERAPAN PADA JALAN NASIONAL Tamin, Rizal Z.; Tamin, Adriananda Z.; Marzuki, Puti F.
Jurnal HPJI Vol 2, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Jurnal HPJI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/.v2i2.2316.%p

Abstract

Abstract Performance Based Contract is an innovation maintenance contract to improve the quality and value-added of the national road service. Under this contract, the performance of contractors is not evaluated by the input and processes, but by the output and outcome performance indicators which had already clearly been defined and measurable. Contractors are free to establish what, when, how, and where the maintenance work is performed. With its creativity and innovation, the contractor can increase the added value of maintenance work to more directly meet the road user expectations. Since 2011 the Directorate General of Highways has been trying to implement the Performance Based Contract, but the condition of the national road service is not ideal yet, characterized by the frequent of overloading, the provisions of program development and preservation are not yet firm, the design life, road damage, and construction failure that have not been applied resulting in the need for adjustment to the initial concept of the Performance Based Contract. This paper discusses the adjustments made, the deviation of the basic concepts of the Performance Based Contract, analysis of the problems faced, and the challenges to be overcome to enhance the concept of the Performance Based Contract for national road maintenance in the future. Keywords: Performance Based Contract, National Road, overloading, road maintenance  Abstrak Performance Based Contract (PBC) merupakan kontrak inovasi pemeliharaan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan nilai tambah penyelenggaraan jalan nasional. Dalam kontrak ini, kinerja pemeliharaan kontraktor tidak dinilai dari input dan proses, tetapi melalui indikator kinerja output dan outcome yang telah lebih dulu didefinisikan dengan jelas dan terukur. Kontraktor bebas menetapkan apa, kapan, bagaimana, dan di mana pekerjaan pemeliharan dilakukan. Dengan kreativitas dan inovasinya, kontraktor dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah pekerjaan pemeliharaan untuk lebih langsung memenuhi harapan pengguna jalan. Ditjen Bina Marga semenjak tahun 2011 telah melakukan uji coba penerapan PBC, namun kondisi penyelenggaraan jalan nasional yang belum ideal ditandai oleh seringnya beban berlebih, ketentuan program pembangunan dan preservasi yang belum tegas, umur perencanaan, kerusakan, serta kegagalan bangunan yang belum diterapkan mengakibatkan perlunya dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap konsep initial PBC. Makalah ini membahas penyesuaian yang dilakukan, penyimpangannya terhadap konsep dasar PBC, analisis terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi, dan tantangan yang masih harus diatasi untuk mengembangkan konsep PBC pemeliharaan jalan nasional di masa yang akan datang. Kata-kata kunci: Performance Based Contract, jalan nasional, beban berlebih, pemeliharaan jalan
SUPPORTED BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF TOLL ROADS IN INDONESIA Tamin, Rizal Z.; Mahani, Iris; Marzuki, Puti F.
Jurnal HPJI Vol 3, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Jurnal HPJI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/.v3i2.2740.%p

Abstract

Abstract This paper is aimed to analyze Supported Build Operate Transfer as an alternative toll road development financing scheme in the Public Private Partnership framework. Support alternatives analyzed include construction grant, operation grant, tax holiday, and soft loan. The adopted approach consists of classifying groups of non-financially feasible toll roads based on the main causes, analyzing effective support alternative for each group, and performing sensitivity analysis to measure the relationship between the condition of financial infeasibility and the extent of the needed support. Analysis results show that the most effective support is construction grant (investment cost) and operation grant (revenue improvement) while supports in form of tax reduction or decrease of discount rate are very marginal. The analysis also indicate that Supported Build Operate Transfer is effective to be granted to toll roads that need relatively high investment cost but have low revenue. Meanwhile, for toll roads that need high investment cost and have high revenue, it is not suggested to apply Supported Build Operate Transfer. For toll roads with low investment cost and low revenue, the government has to get involved by applying Availability Based Payment scheme as in this case, besides support at initial phase, support during operation phase would also be needed. Keywords: toll road, Public Private Partnership, Supported Build Operate Transfer, Availability Based Payment  Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Supported Build Operate Transfer sebagai alternatif skema pembiayaan pembangunan jalan tol dalam kerangka Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha. Dukungan alternatif yang dianalisis meliputi hibah konstruksi, hibah operasi, tax holiday, dan soft loan. Pendekatan yang diadopsi terdiri atas penggolongan kelompok jalan tol yang tidak layak secara finansial berdasarkan penyebab utamanya, menganalisis alternatif dukungan yang efektif untuk masing-masing kelompok, dan melakukan analisis sensitivitas untuk mengukur hubungan antara kondisi ketidakseimbangan keuangan dan tingkat dukungan yang dibutuhkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dukungan yang paling efektif adalah hibah konstruksi (investment cost) dan hibah operasi (revenue improvement) sementara dukungan dalam bentuk pengurangan pajak atau penurunan tingkat diskonto sangat marjinal. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa Supported Build Operate Transfer efektif untuk diberikan pada jalan tol yang membutuhkan biaya investasi yang relatif tinggi namun memiliki pendapatan rendah. Sedangkan untuk jalan tol yang mem-butuhkan biaya investasi tinggi dan memiliki pendapatan tinggi, tidak disarankan untuk menerapkan Supported Build Operate Transfer. Untuk jalan tol dengan biaya investasi rendah dan pendapatan rendah, pemerintah harus terlibat dengan menerapkan skema Available Based Payment, seperti pada kasus ini, selain dukungan pada tahap awal, dukungan selama tahap operasi juga akan dibutuhkan. Kata-kata kunci: jalan tol, Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Badan Usaha, Supported Build Operate Transfer, Availability Based Payment