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All Journal Trikonomika: Jurnal Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research
Noraziah Che Arshad, Noraziah Che
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Religion Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Determinants of Displaced Commercial Risk in Islamic Banking Institutions: Malaysia Evidence Arshad, Noraziah Che; Zakaria, Roza Hazli; Sulaiman, Ahmad Azam; Irijanto, Tubagus Thresna
Jurnal Trikonomika Vol 13, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Trikonomika

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Abstract

Islamic banks are exposed to a unique risk such as Displaced Commercial Risk (DCR). DCR arises from the assets managed on behalf of the investment account holders which may be borne by the Islamic bank’s own capital, when the Islamic banks forgo part or all of its share of profits on the investment account holders funds, in order to increase the return to the investment account holders. In a dual banking system, DCR could be a threat to the Islamic banks given the competition of fixed and higher return from the conventional banks. However, DCR would not be a threat to Islamic banks if their account holders choose Islamic banks due to religious obligatory factor. Pertaining to this issue, this paper aims to identify the determinants of factors influencing the DCR among the Islamic banks in the case of Malaysia. Results of the study suggest that the DCR is significantly determined by the Investment account holder funds, Islamic deposit, rate of return, and interest rate.
The Nexus between risk and bank stability in the Indonesian Islamic Rural Bank Hendri, Zul; Arshad, Noraziah Che; Rahmany, Sri; Wiharto, Slamet; Sintarini, Fitriasari
Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam Volume 11 No. 2, July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JEKI.vol11.iss2.art8

Abstract

Purpose – This study examines the relationship between bank risk and stability in the case of the Islamic Rural Bank (IRB) of Indonesia.Methodology – This study analyzes 154 Islamic Rural Banks (IRBs) from 2015 to 2023 using quarterly data. It employs a static panel data regression with unbalanced data. The final regression model was selected using the F-test, LM test, and Hausman test to compare the common, fixed, and random effect methods.Findings – Liquidity and financing risks have a negative relationship with IRB stability. The negative impact of financing risk on IRB stability decreased during Covid-19. The negative effects of liquidity risk on IRBs' stability of IRBs increased for IRBs on Java. In contrast, the negative impact of financing risk on stability decreased for IRB located in and outside Java.Implications – First, IRB must effectively manage their liquidity risk to maintain bank stability. Second, IRBs must reduce non-performing financing (NPF) to encourage bank stability. Third, banks’ operational and capital efficiencies must be improved.Originality – This study aims to fill the existing research gap by analyzing the effect of liquidity and financing risks on the stability of the Islamic Rural Bank as a small Islamic bank. Furthermore, this study includes the Covid-19 variable as a moderating variable that affects the effect of liquidity and financing risks on IRB stability.
Islamic Workplace Spirituality and Its Influence on Employee Well-Being and Performance: A Systematic Literature Review Sobana, Dadang Husen; Hakiki, Muhamad Fuji; Arshad, Noraziah Che
Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research Vol. 6 No. 1: June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jiebr.v6i1.550

Abstract

This study aims to explore Islamic Workplace Spirituality (IWS) as a conceptual framework for assessing employee well-being and organizational performance. The search process follows a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol. The review examines Scopus-indexed journal articles on Islamic workplace spirituality, employee well-being, and performance published between 1998 and 2025. A systematic search using predetermined keywords was conducted in the Scopus database, and the selection process followed the PRISMA stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. From an initial total of 4,568 documents, twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria and were thoroughly analyzed as shown in Table 1. The results conclude that Islamic Workplace Spirituality positively correlates with employee psychological comfort, meaningful work, ethical behavior, and inner peace. The review further demonstrates that work-related outcomes, measured in the context of workplace spirituality, include not only task-oriented behaviors but also moral responsibility, voluntary helping behavior, and commitment to organizational values. In addition, the analysis brings together and integrates key measurement indicators into an integrated framework rooted in Islamic epistemology (especially classical wisdom influenced by Al-Ghazali). This paper adds to the literature by showing that spiritual dimensions can be an integral part of organizational evaluation frameworks and by offering measurement indicators for future empirical research. This study is innovative because it has contributed to integrating Islamic workplace spirituality with employee well-being and performance through a holistic, systematic review.
Co-Authors Ahmad Azam Sulaiman, Ahmad Azam Hendri, Zul Muhamad Fuji Hakiki Rahmany, Sri Roza Hazli Zakaria, Roza Hazli Sintarini, Fitriasari Slamet Wiharto, Slamet Sobana, Dadang Husen Tubagus Thresna Irijanto