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All Journal Trikonomika: Jurnal Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam Jurnal REKSA: Rekayasa Keuangan, Syariah dan Audit
Noraziah Che Arshad, Noraziah Che
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Determinants of Displaced Commercial Risk in Islamic Banking Institutions: Malaysia Evidence Arshad, Noraziah Che; Zakaria, Roza Hazli; Sulaiman, Ahmad Azam; Irijanto, Tubagus Thresna
Jurnal Trikonomika Vol 13, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Trikonomika

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Abstract

Islamic banks are exposed to a unique risk such as Displaced Commercial Risk (DCR). DCR arises from the assets managed on behalf of the investment account holders which may be borne by the Islamic bank’s own capital, when the Islamic banks forgo part or all of its share of profits on the investment account holders funds, in order to increase the return to the investment account holders. In a dual banking system, DCR could be a threat to the Islamic banks given the competition of fixed and higher return from the conventional banks. However, DCR would not be a threat to Islamic banks if their account holders choose Islamic banks due to religious obligatory factor. Pertaining to this issue, this paper aims to identify the determinants of factors influencing the DCR among the Islamic banks in the case of Malaysia. Results of the study suggest that the DCR is significantly determined by the Investment account holder funds, Islamic deposit, rate of return, and interest rate.
The Nexus between risk and bank stability in the Indonesian Islamic Rural Bank Hendri, Zul; Arshad, Noraziah Che; Rahmany, Sri; Wiharto, Slamet; Sintarini, Fitriasari
Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam Volume 11 No. 2, July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JEKI.vol11.iss2.art8

Abstract

Purpose – This study examines the relationship between bank risk and stability in the case of the Islamic Rural Bank (IRB) of Indonesia.Methodology – This study analyzes 154 Islamic Rural Banks (IRBs) from 2015 to 2023 using quarterly data. It employs a static panel data regression with unbalanced data. The final regression model was selected using the F-test, LM test, and Hausman test to compare the common, fixed, and random effect methods.Findings – Liquidity and financing risks have a negative relationship with IRB stability. The negative impact of financing risk on IRB stability decreased during Covid-19. The negative effects of liquidity risk on IRBs' stability of IRBs increased for IRBs on Java. In contrast, the negative impact of financing risk on stability decreased for IRB located in and outside Java.Implications – First, IRB must effectively manage their liquidity risk to maintain bank stability. Second, IRBs must reduce non-performing financing (NPF) to encourage bank stability. Third, banks’ operational and capital efficiencies must be improved.Originality – This study aims to fill the existing research gap by analyzing the effect of liquidity and financing risks on the stability of the Islamic Rural Bank as a small Islamic bank. Furthermore, this study includes the Covid-19 variable as a moderating variable that affects the effect of liquidity and financing risks on IRB stability.
Sustainable Role of Baitul Mal wat Tamwil in Expanding Islamic Microfinance Inclusion for Marginalized Communities Hidayah, Nurul; Arshad, Noraziah Che; Iriani, Latifah Dian; Rawi, Rais Dera Pua
Jurnal REKSA: Rekayasa Keuangan, Syariah dan Audit Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/jreksa.v13i1.14645

Abstract

This study explores the role of Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil (BMT) in enhancing access to Islamic microfinance for marginalized communities in Sorong, Southwest Papua Province. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with managers and clients of three BMTs in Sorong and supplemented with user observations. The findings show that BMTs provide inclusive, Sharia-compliant financing to microenterprises, informal workers, and women-led businesses through flexible contracts such as murabahah, ijarah, qardhul hasan, and hiwalah. They adopt proactive service models and leverage community engagement to strengthen trust and outreach. One notable innovation is the establishment of local Puskopsyah (syariah cooperative-based risk-sharing center), inspired by the Islamic value of ta’awun, offering internal protection against defaults. Despite challenges such as low digital literacy and poor infrastructure, BMTs remain sustainable by relying on member-based capital, contextual product design, and strong social networks. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on social intermediation in Islamic finance and offers practical insights for replicating community-based Islamic microfinance in other underdeveloped regions. The novelty lies in documenting a grassroots takaful initiative and human-centered financing approach that supports BMT resilience in 3T (frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped) areas. These findings align with the strategic goals of the Regional Committee for Sharia Economy and Finance (KDEKS) to foster an inclusive Islamic financial ecosystem in Papua.
Co-Authors Ahmad Azam Sulaiman, Ahmad Azam Hendri, Zul Latifah Dian Iriani, Latifah Dian NURUL HIDAYAH Rahmany, Sri Rawi, Rais Dera Pua Roza Hazli Zakaria, Roza Hazli Sintarini, Fitriasari Slamet Wiharto, Slamet Tubagus Thresna Irijanto