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Pembuatan sol karet lembaran untuk sandal Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Karsiati, Niken
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 15, No 2 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2084.691 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v15i2.262

Abstract

The purpose  of the research was to find best formulation for rubber sole sheeting for sandal. The formulation of the compounds were made by variation ratio of natural rubber and sintetic rubber SBR as follow : 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100, where as the variation ratio of carbon black N330 and aluminium silicate filler 100/0, 60/40 and 20/80 respectively. Compounding process was carried out on two roll mill.The rubber compounds were vulcanized at temperature 150oC and pressure of 150 kg/cm2 with curing time as indicated by curometer. Vulcanized rubber were tested based on SNI. 06-0899-1989 : Rubber sheeting for sole. The best formulation was consist of natural rubber 75 phr, sintetic rubber SBR 25 phr, stearic acid 3 phr, zinc oxide 5 phr, Minarex B oil 5 phr, car bon black 100 phr, MBTS 1 phr, PBN 1 phr and sulfur 2 phr. The physical properties of the best compound were : tensile strength 185,42 kg/cm2, elongation at break 276,64%, tear resistance 158,90 kg/cm2, hardness 74 shore A, density 1,21 g/cm3, Grasselli abrasion resistance 0,326 mm3/kgm, permanent set 7,78% and no crack on the flex cracking test. The best compound could meet the requirements of SNI. 06-0899-1989. INTISARI  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik dalam pembuatan sol karet lembaran untuk sandal. Formulasi kompon dibuat dengan variasi perbandingan karet alamdan karet sintetis SBR sebagai berikut : 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/25 dan 0/100, sedang variasi perbandingan filler carbon black dan aluminium silikat berturut-turut 100/0, 60/40, dan 20/80. Proses komponding dilakukan dengan alat two roll mill, kompon karet divulkanisasi pada suhu 150oC, tekanan 150 kg/cm2 dan waktu vulkanisasi sesuai dengan waktu pada curometer. Vulkanisat karet diuji menurut SNI. 06-0899-1989 : Lembaran karet cetak untuk sol. Formulasi terbaik terdiri atas karet alam 75 phr, karet sintetik SBR 25 phr, asam stearat 3 phr, Zn O 5 phr, minyak Minarek B 5 phr, carbon black 100 phr, MBTS 1 phr, PBN 1 phr dan sulfur 2 phr. Sifat fisis formulasi terbaik adalah : tegangan putus 185,42 kg/cm2, perpanjangan putus 276,64%, ketahanan sobek 158,90 kg/cm2, kekerasan 74 shore A, bobot jenis 1,21 g/cm3, ketahanan kikis Grasselli 0,326 mm3/kgm, perpanjangan tetap 7,8% dan tidak retak pada uji ketahanan retak lentur, serta memenuhi persyaratan SNI. 06-08991989.
Pemanfaatan minyak kulit biji mete sebagai plasticizer dalam pembuatan sol sepatu Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Nurhajati, Dwi Wahini; Lestari, Sri Brataningsih Puji
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2066.231 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v20i1.239

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) utilized as rubber plasticizer in shoe soles preparation. CNSL found from pressed cashew nut shells. CNSL consists of anacardict acid (90%) and cardol (10%). To remove the poison ivy, CNSL was treated by heating them at temperature 1200C for two hours. Sulfuric acid was also added to remove the impurities such as nitrogenous, sulphur and inorganic matters. Compounding process was carried out on two roll mill. Shoe sole compounds were prepared in various level of CNSL and Minarex B oil either separated formulation or in combination. Vulcanized rubber was then tested based on SNI 12-0172-1987 : Canvas shoes for general. The result of the research showed that CNSL can be utilized as rubber plasticizer in the shoe soles preparation. Compound with 5 phr CNSL provided good physical properties and conformed the requirements of SNI 12-0172-1987, such as tensile strength 136,4 kg/cm2, elongation at break 198,3%, tear resistance 63,56 kg/cm2, hardness 62,3 shore A, density 1,13 g/cm3, Grasselli abrasion resistance 0,711 mm3/ kgm, permanent set 6,40% and no crack detected on the flex cracking test. The research showed also that compound with the addition of 5 phr Minarex B oil into the compound, the CNSL provided better physical properties.  Keywords : cashew nut shell liquid, plasticizer, shoe soles.    Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan minyak kulit biji mete (Cashew nut shell liquid) sebagai plasticizer karet dalam pembuatan sol sepatu. Minyak kulit biji mete (CNSL) diperoleh dari pengepresan kulit biji mete glondong. CNSL tersusun dari 90% asam anakardat dan 10% kardol. Untuk menghilangkan gatal dan toksisnya CNSL di –treatmen dengan pemanasan pada suhu 1200C selama 2 jam. Asam sulfat ditambahkan untuk menghilangkan pengotor seperti senyawa-senyawa nitrogen, sulfur dan bahan onorganik. Pembuatan kompon dilakukan dengan mesin two roll mill. Kompon sol sepatu dibuat dengan berbagi kadar CNSL maupun minyak Minerex B baik secara sendiri atau kombinasi. Vulkanisat karet diuji berdasar SNI 12-0172-1987 : Sepatu kanvas untuk umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CNSL dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai plasticizer untuk pembuatan sol sepatu. Kompon dengan kadar CNSL sebesar 5 phr memberikan sifat fisis yang baik dan memenuhi syarat SNI 12-0172-1987, dengan sifat-sifat sebagai berikut : tegangan putus 136,4 kg/cm3,  perpanjangan putus 198,3%, ketahanan sobek 63,56 kg/cm2, kekerasan 62,3 shore A, bobot jenis 1,13 g/cm3,  ketahanan kikis Grasselli 0,711 mm3/kgm, perpanjangan tetap 6,40 % dan tidak retak pada uji ketahanan retak lentur. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak Minarex B sebesar 5 phr, maka CNSL memberikan sifat fisis lebih baik. Kata Kunci : minyak kulit biji mete, plasticizer, sol sepatu.
Pembuatan vulkanisat ban dalam dengan bahan pengisi arang aktif kayu bangkirai Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Darmadji, Purnama; Supranto, Supranto
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2440.272 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v19i1.249

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the preparation of vulcanized rubber  inner tube for motorcycles. Activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black N330 were utilized as filler either separately formulated or combination. The ratio of activated carbon and carbon black were 25/ 0; 18/75/6,25; 12,5/12,5; 6,25/18,75 and 0,25 respectively. In wood processing, only about 60% of wood is converted to end product, with some of 30% of the rest is converted to organic solid waste. This organic solid waste needs to be handled or converted to some more usefull product such as carbon rubber filler. The filler was prepared by carbonization process at temperature 4500C for one hour and activation process with NaCl 4 % for twenty four hours, followed by pyrolysis at temperature 5000C for one hour. Filler were milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The vulcanized rubber inner tube was tested for its physical properties according to SNI 06-1542-1984. The research showed that a filler combination of activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black in comparison of 6,25/18,75 could meet the requirements of SNI 06-1542-1984 in tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus, hardness, density, and 200% permanent set.    Keywords : filler, activated carbon, bangkirai wood, inner tube.  
Sifat filler kayu keruing terhadap vulkanisat karet Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Sarengat, Nursamsi; Darmadji, Purnama; Meidrianto, Widya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 15, No 2 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2882.536 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v15i2.259

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the properties of keruing wood filler in their application on vulacanized  rubber of shoes soles. To know its suitability for rubber goods filler, the properties of keruing wood filler was investigated by comparing with carbon black N330. Keruing wood filler were made by carbonization process at temperature 450oC for one hour and activation process with NaCl 4% for twenty four hours, followed by pyrolisis at temperature 500oC for one hour. Filler were milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The standard compound formula was prepared base on ASTM D 3192 with various filler level of keruing wood filler, carbon black N330 either separately formulated of combination. The research showed that using keruing wood filler in the amount of 30-70 phr could meet 75% the requirements of SNI. 12-0172-1987 : Canvas shoes for general purpose, where as carbon black N330 in the amount of 30-70 phr could meet 87,5% the requirements of SNI. 12-0172-1987. Combination of keruing  wood filler and carbon black showed that keruing wood filler could substitute 25-57 phr of carbon black.  INTISARI  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat filler kayu keruing dalam aplikasinya pada vulkanisat karet sol sepatu. Untuk mengetahui kesesuaiannya sebagai filler barang karet, maka filler kayu keruing diteliti sifat-sifatnya dengan pembanding carbon black N330. Filler kayu keruing dibuat melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 450oC selama 1 jam dan proses aktivasi dengan NaCl 4% selama 24 jam diikuti dengan pirolisis pada suhu 500oC selama 1 jam. Filler digiling dan diayak dengan ayakan 400 mesh. Formula standar kompon dibuat berdasar ASTM D 3192 dalam berbagai variasi kadar filler kayu keruing dan carbon black N330 secara sendiri maupun kombinasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan filler kayu keruing sebesar 30 sampai dengan 70 phr dapat memenuhi 75% persyaratan SNI.12-0172-1987 : Sepatu Kanvas untuk Umum, sedangkan penggunaan carbon black N330 sebesar 30 sampai dengan 70 phr dapat memenuhi 87,5% persyaratan SNI 12-0172-1987. Kombinasinya dengan carbon black menunjukkan bahwa filler kayu keruing dapat mensubstitusi carbon black antara 25 sampai dengan 57 phr. 
Penelitian untuk rol karet gilingan padi Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 2, No 5 (1987): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1193.332 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v2i5.280

Abstract

8 (eight) samples of different trade-mark of Rice hulling rubber rolls that consist of four types of roll size, the colour of which are grey, dark green and brown are tested for the purpose of this research. The roll testing method and technical specification is taken from Indian Standard and Japanese Industrial Standard. The test results of physical properties which are determinated as the decisive factor of the quality are as follow : thickness 18,54 mm – 21,60 mm, tensile strength 10,85 N/mm2 – 16,65 N/mm2 , elongation at break 106,8 % - 258,0 %, hardness before anging 87 – 95 Shore A and after aging 82 – 92 Shore A, abrasion resistance (Grasselli) 0,070 mm3/kgm – 0,79 mm3/kgm
Penelitian mutu jas hujan dari PVC Herminiwati, Herminiwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 3, No 7 (1988): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1558.904 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v3i7.290

Abstract

30 (thirty) samples of rainwear from PVC sheeting of 13 trade mark with various colour and style were tested for the purpose of this research. The quality of the rainwear is determined by the decisive factors of quality that ensure the material’s strength and satisfactory wear as described in British is Standard and ASTM. The test results of the rainwear from PVC sheeting are compilled as follow : sheet thickness 0.1479 – 0.31663, transverse tear strength 7.82 – 22,42 kg/cm2, longitudinal tear strength 2.82 – 13.69 kg/cm2, strength of button attachment/stitch  seam strength  1.19 – 4.66 kg, color fatness to daylight 111.56 – 155.10 hour at grade 4 grey scale and dimensional stability 1.66 – 6.12 %. The test result shows that the rainwear complies the requirements of blocking test as well as water penetration test.
Komposit dari sampah plastik fleksibel dan serbuk gergaji Nurhajati, Dwi Wahini; Yuniari, Arum; Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Lestari, Sri Brataningsih Puji
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1668.277 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v19i1.245

Abstract

A composite made from the flexsible plastic waste and saw dust was studied. The objectives of this research was to find the optimum ratio of the flexible plastic waste and saw dust in its application on a floor tile. The investigated ratio of flexible plastic waste / saw dust were 100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; and 50/50 respectively. The composites were prepared on a rheocord-90 machine at 600C for 10 minutes. The composites were tested for their physical properties I, e flexibility, dimensional stability, curling, volatility, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness. The physical properties testing result show that a composite by using the flexible plastic waste and saw dust in comparation of 90/10 could meet the requirements of SNI 03/4060/1996 for Vinyl Floor. The increasing saw dust content in composites decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, flexibility, and hardness, but increased dimensional stability, and volatility. Tensile strength of all composites was higher than particle board.   Keywords : composites, flexible plastic waste, saw dust, floor tile.
Pembuatan karet riklim dari ban bekas dengan microwave ditinjau dari karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon Wicaksono, Rumpoko; Sutardi, Sutardi; Herminiwati, Herminiwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1812.336 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v20i1.237

Abstract

The research is aimed to study the effect of heat of microwave in the preparation of reclaimed rubber from used tire and the application of rubber compound observed from the characteristics of its vulcanization. Reclaimed rubber is found from used tire treads that ground and shifted using 10 mesh of shifter. Devulcanization  was carried out in microwave with power output from 0, 100 – 200 watt. The reclaimed rubber was used as the natural rubber substitute, with proportion of 20, 40, and 60 parts per hundred of rubber. The cracteristic of the compound was tested by using Rheometer whereas the reactivity of the rubber against the Vulcanizing agents was observed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. The results showed that reclaimed  rubber prepared by heating in microwave with power output of 100 and 200 watt as well as without heating treatment showed significant effect to characteristic of vulcanization. Proportion of utilization of reclemed rubber as much as 20,40 and 60 parts showed significant effect to characteristic of vulcanization. Proportion of 40 part reclaimed rubber prepared by microwave heating with power output 100 watt showed the best characteristic of vulcanization.   Keywords : reclaimed rubber, microwave, used tire, vulcanization.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh panas microwave pada pembuatan karet riklim dari ban bekas dan penerapannya untuk kompon karet ditinjau dari karakteristik vulkanisasinya. Karet riklim dibuat dari karet telapak ban bekas yang diperkecil ukurannya hingga lolos ayakan 10 mesh. Proses devulkanisasi dilakukan dengan daya microwave mulai dari 0,100 dan 200 watt. Karet riklim yang dihasikan digunakan untuk bahan substitusi karent alam dengan proporsi 20, 40 dan 60 bagian perseratus karet. Karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon diuji dengan rheometer sedngkan reaktivitas karet terhadap pemvulkanisasi diamati dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karet riklim yang dibuat dengan pemanasan microwave 100 dan 200 watt serta tanpa pemanasan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon. Proporsi karet riklim sebesar 20, 40, dan 60 bagian berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik vulkanisasi kompon.  Proporsi 40 bagian karet riklim yang dibuat dengan pemanasan microwave 100 watt merupakan karet riklim yang mempunyai karakteristik vulkanisasi terbaik. Kata Kunci : karet riklim, microwave, ban bekas, vulkanisasi. 
Penelitian peningkatan ketahanan kikis sol karet sepatu olah raga Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Setyaningsih, Any; Supriyadi, Adi Slamet
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 11, No 21 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1041.611 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v11i21.383

Abstract

In order to improve the abrasion resistance of sport shoes rubber soles, 9 rubber compound formula has been observed, with variation in using of calcium silicate and aluminium silicate as filler and naphtenic oil as softener. The result of this research showed that the best value of the abrasion resistance was 0,0485 mm3/kgm and it fulfilled the requirements of Indonesian National Standard 0171-1987-A, Canvas shoes with rbber sole for sports. It constitutes the formula of 100 parts (by weight) of natural rubber, 25 parts of calcium silicate, 25 parts of aluminium silicate and 8 parts of naphtenic oil. The usage of 50 parts of calcium silicate and aluminium silicate fillers with 8-10 parts of naphtenic oil didn’t influence more on the hardness and its value fulfilled the requirements of Indonesian National Standard 0171-1987-A. INTISARI Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan kikis sol karet sepatu olah raga, telah diteliti 9 formulasi kompon karet dengan variasi penggunaan bahan pengisi kalsium silikat dan aluminium silikat serta bahan pelunak minyak naptenik. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai ketahanan kikis terbaik sebesar 0,485 mm3/kgm dan memenuhi persyaratan SNI. 0171-1987-A, Sepatu Kanvas Dengan Sol Karet Untuk Olah Raga yang merupakan formulasi dengan menggunakan 100 bagian karet alam, 25 bagian kalsium silikat, 25 bagian aluminium silikat dan 8 bagian minyak naptenik. Penggunaan 50 bagian bahan pengisi kalsium silikat dan aluminium silikat dengan 8-10 bagian bahan pelunak minyak naptenik tidak memberikan pengaruh yang besar pada kekerasan, dan diperoleh nilai yang   memenuhi persyaratan SNI. 0171-1987-A. 
Quality of rubber hospital sheeting Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 6, No 10-11 (1991): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1267.979 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v6i10-11.467

Abstract

13 (thirteen) samples of Rubber hospital shetting of various trademark which were taken from manufacturers and markets in Bandung, Yogyakarta and Surabaya, had been tested for the purpose of this research. Quality of rubber hospital sheeting is determined by factors that onsure either the strength or wearm by testing them in accorfance with test method as described in ASTM.It could be found from the test results that : the thickness was 0,406 0,506 mm, breaking strength 54,47 – 77,85 kg/cm2. Elongation ata break 99,8% -147,8%.The rubber hospital sheeting was also subjected to hyfrostatic water resistance test and no leakange was accured.It had good steam strikization, accelerated Aging, phenol and alcohol resistance aw well. INTISARI Dalam penelitian ini telah diuji 13 sample perlak karet untuk rumah sakit dari berbagai merk yang diambil langsung dari pabrik maupun pasaran di darah Bandung, DI Yogyakarta dan Surabaya.Mutu perlak karet untuk rumah sakit ditentukan berdasarkan pada factor-faktor yang menajmin menutut ASTM. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut tebal 0.406 – 0.506 mm, tegangan putus 54.48 77.85 Kg/cm2, pepanjang putus 99.8 – 147,8 %. Pelak karet yang diuji tidak tembus air dalam pengujian hydrostatic water resistance, juga mempunyai ketahanan terhadap sterilisasi uap, ketahanan terhadap penguasangan, ketahanan terhadap ketahanan terhadap alkokol yang baik. 
Co-Authors Adi Slamet Supriyadi, Adi Slamet Any Setyaningsih, Any Arum Yuniari, Arum Christiana Maria Herry Purwanti, Christiana Maria Herry Dwi Ningsih, Dwi Dwi Wahini Nurhajati, Dwi Wahini Indiah Ratna Dewi, Indiah Ratna MUHAMMAD SHOLEH Murwati Murwati Niken Karsiati, Niken Nursamsi Sarengat, Nursamsi Prayitno Prayitno Purnama Darmadji R Jaka Susila, R Jaka Rumpoko Wicaksono Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari, Sri Brataningsih Puji Sri Waskito, Sri Supranto Supranto Sutardi Sutardi Widya Meidrianto, Widya