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Pembuatan kulit jok (upholstery) ramah lingkungan untuk otomotif Wiryodiningrat, Suliestiyah; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya; Pahlawan, Iwan Fajar
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 28, No 1 (2012): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

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Optimasi waktu reaksi pembentukan kompleks indofenol biru stabil pada uji n-amonia air limbah industri penyamakan kulit dengan metode fenat Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya; Purwanti, Christiana Maria Herry
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 1 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Optimization of the reaction time on the formation of indofenol blue complex for N-Ammonia analysis in the tannery wastewater using phenate method has been carried out. The aim of the study was to determine the optimum time for complex formation ofÂ indophenol blue. Variations of reaction time were 1; 2; 2,5; 3; and 21 hours. Accuracy and precision were evaluated to determine the feasibility of developing the method. Analysis of N-Ammonia was done by using a spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 630 nm. Optimum reaction time on the formation of indofenol blue complex for ammonia analysis in the tannery wastewater was achieved at a minimum time of 2 hours at the temperature test of 25oC. The accuracy and relative percent different were 90-97% and <5% respectively, met the SNI-6989.30-2005 so that the method was feasible to be developed and used in the laboratory.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian optimasi waktu reaksi pembentukan kompleks indofenol biru pada pengujian N-Amonia dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan metode Fenat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu optimum untukÂ pembentukan kompleks indofenol biru. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah waktu reaksi yaitu 1 jam, 2 jam, 2,5 jam, 3 jam, dan 21 jam. Akurasi dan presisi juga dievaluasi untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan metode. Analisis N-Amonia dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 630 nm. Waktu reaksi optimum pembentukan kompleks indofenol biru pada pengujian amonia dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit dicapai pada waktu minimal 2 jam pada suhu uji 25oC. Nilai akurasi sebesar 90-97% dan relative percent different < 5% memenuhi SNI-6989.30-2005 sehingga metode ini layak untuk dikembangkan dan digunakan di laboratorium.

Adsorpsi amonia dari limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan abu terbang bagas Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya; Purwanti, Christiana Maria Herry; Suyatini, Suyatini
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 2 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to reduce ammonia concentration in tannery wastewater using bagasse fly ash in a batch adsorption system. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose and contact time. Data analysis was performed by calculating the efficiency of adsorption and fitting the data into Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Correlation coefficient and mean squared error were used to evaluate the performance of the models. From the results, it was found that the operating conditions to achieve an optimum removal efficiency of 45.72% are 1 hour contact time and 2 grams of bagasse fly ash. The results also indicate that the data fits Langmuir model well where Langmuir constant Qo, b, and correlation coefficient were found to be 0.706 mg/g, 0.209 L/mg, and 0.9424, respectively.Keywords: Ammonia, adsorption, bagasse fly ash, tannery wastewaterABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi kadar amonia dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan abu terbang bagas secara batch. Variasi percobaan secara batch yaitu berat abu terbang bagas dan waktu adsorpsi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan penghitungan efisiensi penjerapan dan memasukkan data ke persamaan isotherm Freundlich dan Langmuir. Koefisien korelasi dan mean squared error digunakan untuk mengevaluasi model terbaik. Kondisi optimum adsorpsi amonia secara batch dalam penelitian ini berada pada waktu kontak 1 jam, berat abu terbang bagas 2 gram, dan efisiensi penjerapan 45,72%. Persamaan yang cocok untuk menggambarkan adsorpsi amonia dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan abu terbang bagas ini adalah persamaan Langmuir. Konstanta persamaan Langmuir Qo, b, dan koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh masing-masing 0,706 mg/g, 0,209 L/mg, dan 0,9424.Kata kunci: Amonia, adsorpsi, abu terbang bagas, limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit

Prototipe sistem peringatan dini berbasis SMS untuk mendeteksi kenaikan kadar gas amoniak di pengolahan air limbah industri penyamakan kulit Arsitika, Wahyu Pradana; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 1 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to produce prototype of an early warning system basedon SMS for detection the rising level of ammonia gas in wastewater treatment of leather tanningindustry. The systems consist of three parts, those were data input, data processing, and output.Ammonia gas sensor as a detector that produces an analog Direct Current (DC) voltage. Analogto Digital Converter (ADC) pin on the microcontroller received an analog DC voltage to beprocessed. ADC readings done through the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) while the GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem was used to send Short Massage Service(SMS). This early warning system worked by determining a threshold value. SMS would be sent tohand phone number of job holder, if the ADC value exceeded the specified threshold value. Resultobtained was the ammonia gas sensor model are MQ137 based on SnO , Arduino Uno as 2microcontroller module based on Atmega 328P microcontroller, and General Packet RadioService (GPRS) Shield as GSM modem that compatible with the Arduino Uno R3 pin.Keywords: wastewater treatment, tanning industry, amonia gas, SMS, MQ 137ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan sebuah rancang bangun (prototipe) sistemperingatan dini melalui SMS atas kenaikan aras gas amoniak di pengolahan air limbah industripenyamakan kulit. Sistem ini terdiri dari data masukan, pengolah data, dan keluaran. Sensor gasamoniak sebagai detektor menghasilkan tegangan listrik arus searah (DC) analog. Pin converterdigital ke analog (ADC) pada mikrokontroler menerima tegangan listrik DC analog untukselanjutnya diolah. Pembacaan ADC dilakukan melalui Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)sedangkan modem Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) berfungsi untukmengirimkan SMS. Sistem peringatan dini bekerja berdasarkan penentuan nilai ambang batasaras gas amoniak. Apabila pembacaan detektor melebihi nilai ambang batas aras gas amoniakyang ditentukan, maka peringatan dini akan dikirimkan lewat SMS kepada nomor petugas. Hasilyang diperoleh adalah sensor gas amoniak model MQ137 dengan bahan dasar SnO , modul 2mikrokontroler berupa Arduino Uno versi R3 berbasis mikrokontroler Atmega 328P, modemGSM model General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Shield yang sesuai dengan pin Arduino Unoversi R3.Kata kunci: pengolahan air limbah, industri penyamakan, gas amoniak, SMS, MQ137

Pengaruh berbagai jenis penyamakan dan tipe finish terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak (Varanus salvator) Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Sutyasmi, Sri; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 31, No 2 (2015): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin is exotic leather because it has a unique grain. Therefore, the original grain of the animal needs to be maintained in the finishing process so that its performances look likes natural. This research aimed to study the effect of tanning materials (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) on morphology, organoleptic and mechanical properties of lizard skin. The materials used in this study were dry preserved lizard skins. The research varied on the types of tanning (vegetable and chrome) and the type of finish (natural, aniline, semi-aniline and two tone) each by varying the finishing materials (casein and protein binders). The tests were conducted on the observation of the structure using photomicrographs, rub fastness, adhesion of finish strength, tensile strength, elongation at break and organoleptic. The results showed that the best result was vegetable tanned lizard skin using natural finish with casein and met the requirements of SNI 06-4362-1996, lizard skin for shoe upper. This gave dry and wet rub fastness of 5 and 5 respectively; dry and wet adhesion of finish strength of 650 and 100 g/cm respectively; tensile strength of 207.43 kg/cm2; elongation at break of 37.52% and organoleptic value of panelists observations of 87.9 (good).Keywords: Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) skin, tanning, finish type, morphology, organoleptic and mechanical propertiesABSTRAKKulit biawak (Varanus salvator) merupakan kulit exotic karena memiliki rajah yang unik, oleh karena itu dalam proses finishingnya rajah asli dari binatang tersebut perlu dipertahankan agar tampak alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan penyamak (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) terhadap morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis kulit biawak. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit biawak awet kering dan variasi yang dilakukan meliputi variasi jenis penyamakan (nabati dan krom) dan tipe finish (natural, anilin, semi anilin, dan two tone) dengan penggunaan bahan finishing yang bervariasi (kasein dan binder protein). Uji yang dilakukan meliputi pengamatan struktur menggunakan fotomikrograf, uji ketahanan gosok cat, kekuatan rekat cat tutup, kekuatan tarik, kemuluran, dan organoleptis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang terbaik adalah kulit biawak yang disamak nabati menggunakan tipe finish natural dengan kasein dan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4362-1996, Kulit biawak untuk atasan sepatu, dengan nilai ketahanan gosok cat kering dan basah berturut-turut 5 dan 5; kekuatan rekat cat tutup kering dan basah berturut-turut 650 dan 100 g/cm; kekuatan tarik 207,43 kg/cm2; kemuluran 37,52%; dan nilai organoleptis hasil pengamatan panelis 87,9 (baik).Kata kunci: kulit biawak (Varanus salvator), penyamakan, tipe finish, morfologi, sifat organoleptis dan mekanis.

The effects of finish type on permeability and organoleptic properties of python (Python reticulatus) skin finished leather Kasmudjiastuti, Emiliana; Murti, Rihastiwi Setiya
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

In the leather industry, there are many different types of finish, i.e. two-tone, transparent, semi aniline and opaque/solid color. The composition formulation of each finish type is different so each will impact not only on the performance but also on the properties of the finished leather. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of finish type (natural, aniline, semi-aniline, and two-tone) on permeability and organoleptic properties of python skin finished leather. This research focused on the finishing process with various finish types. The results showed that the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on water vapor permeability reduction is the highest when compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. Otherwise, the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on organoleptic properties is the lowest compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. The aniline I finish type has better organoleptic properties.Keywords: finish type, natural, aniline, semi-aniline, two-tone, python skin.

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