IGAA. INDRAYANI, IGAA.
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Jl. Raya Karangploso Kotak Pos 119 Malang 65100 Telp. (0341) 491447

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EFEKTIVITAS FORMULA JAMUR Beauveria bassiana DALAM PENGENDALIAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS (Helicoverpa armigera) INDRAYANI, IGAA.; SOETOPO, DECIYANTO; HARTONO, JOKO
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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ABSTRAKJamur entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana sangat potensialmengendalikan berbagai serangga hama, namun potensinya terhadappenggerek buah kapas (Helicoverpa armigera) belum banyak diteliti.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas B. bassianaterhadap H. armigera. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium PatologiSerangga dan Kebun Percobaan Karangploso, Balai Penelitian TanamanPemanis dan Serat mulai Januari hingga Desember 2012. Penelitian terdiriatas dua kegiatan di lapangan, yaitu (1) uji efektivitas B. bassiana terhadapH. armigera di pot, dan (2) uji efektivitas B. bassiana terhadap H.armigera di lapangan. Kegiatan pertama terdiri dari delapan perlakuankonsentrasi B. bassiana, yaitu: (1) 3,7 x 10 4 ; (2) 7,7 x 10 4 ; (3) 1,2 x 10 5 ;(4) 1,5 x 10 5 ; (5) 1,9 x 10 5;  (6) 2,3 x 10 5;  (7) 2,5 x 10 5 ; (8) 3,0 x 10 5konidia/ml; dan (9) kontrol. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan AcakKelompok dengan 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalahmortalitas dan bobot larva hidup. Kegiatan kedua terdiri dari empatperlakuan konsentrasi B. bassiana, yaitu: (1) 3,1 x 10 11 ; (2) 6,2 x 10 11 ; (3)9,3 x 10 11 ; dan (4) 1,2 x 10 12 konidia/ha dengan dua pembanding(azadirachtin dan betasiflutrin), serta kontrol. Perlakuan disusun dalamRancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yangdiamati adalah populasi larva H. armigera dan laba-laba, kerusakan buahkapas, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil uji efektivitas di pot menunjukkanhingga hari ke-7 setelah perlakuan B. bassiana masih efektif menyebabkanmortalitas larva H. armigera sebesar 46,7% dan meningkatkan kehilanganbobot larva hidup hingga 59,3%, terutama pada konsentrasi 2,3 x 10 5konidia/ml. Di lapangan, perlakuan jamur B. bassiana efektif menurunkanpopulasi larva H. armigera sekitar 36-48%, tetapi menurunkan populasilaba-laba hingga 48,4%, sehingga kurang aman bagi musuh alami tersebut.Perlakuan B. bassiana dapat menurunkan kerusakan buah kapas 10,1-10,3% dengan meningkatkan hasil kapas berbiji sekitar 12,1-29,7%.Kata kunci: Beauveria bassiana, Helicoverpa armigera, konidia, larva,mortalitasABSTRACTBeauveria bassiana is the most common fungal entomopathogenagainst several of insect pests. Its potency, however, has not been tested oncotton bollworm, H. armigera. The objective of study was to know theeffectivity of B. bassiana against H. armigera. This study had beenconducted at Pathology Laboratory and Experimental Station ofIndonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ISFCRI) fromJanuary to December 2012. The study consists of two field tests, e.g. teston B. bassiana effectivity against H. armigera (polybag testing) dan teston B. bassiana effectivity a against H. armigera (field testing). In polybagtesting, eight concentrations of B. bassiana and one control were used astreatment, e.g. (1) 3.7 x 10 4 ; (2) 7.7 x 10 4 ; (3) 1.2 x 10 5 ; (4) 1.5 x 10 5 ; (5)1.9 x 10 5;  (6) 2.3 x 10 5;  (7) 2.5 x 10 5 ; (8) 3.0 x 10 5  conidia/ml; and (9)control. Each treatment was arranged in Randomized Block Design withthree replications. Parameters recorded were mortality and weight ofsurvival larvae. The field testing consists of four concentrations of B.bassiana viz. 3.1 x 10 11 ; 6.2 x 10 11 ; 9.3 x 10 11 ; and (4) 1.2 x 10 12 conidia/hawhich compared to azadirachtin and betacyfluthrin. Each treatment wasarranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Parameterobserved were population of H. armigera larvae and its natural enemy(spiders), boll damage, and seed cotton yield. Result showed that until theday seventh the mortality of H. armigera larvae reached 46.7% due to B.bassiana and loss 59.3% of larval weight at 2,3 x 10 5 conidia/ml inpolybag testing. In field testing, B. bassiana proved to be relativelyharmful to spiders because it reduced the their population as 48.4%.However, the B. bassiana reduced of 36-48% the population of H.armigera larvae as well as the cotton boll damage of 10.1-10.3% andincreased the seed cotton yield ranged 12.1-29.7%.Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Helicoverpa armigera, conidia, larvae,mortality
PATOGENISITAS Achaea janata GRANULOSIS VIRUS (AjGV) TERHADAP ULAT PEMAKAN DAUN TANAMAN JARAK KEPYAR INDRAYANI, IGAA.; PRABOWO, HERI; YULIANTI, TITIEK
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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ABSTRAKAchaea janata L. adalah hama penting tanaman jarak kepyar(Ricinus  communis)  yang  hingga  kini  pengendaliannya  masihmenggunakan insektisida kimia secara intensif. Selain tidak efisien,insektisida kimia juga menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Untukmengatasi masalah tersebut, maka perlu cara pengendalian alternatif yangselain efektif dan efisien, juga ramah lingkungan, seperti virus yangdiisolasi dari ulat A. janata (A. janata Granulosis Virus/AjGV). Penelitianpatogenisitas AjGV pada A. janata dilakukan di Laboratorium PatologiSerangga Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulaiJanuari - Desember 2012. Perlakuan terdiri atas enam konsentrasi AjGV,yaitu 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 occlusion bodies (OB), dan satu kontrol.Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat kaliulangan. Ulat A. janata yang digunakan adalah instar II, III, IV, dan Vmasing-masing 90 ekor/perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalahmortalitas dan bobot ulat, konsentrasi untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LC 50 ),dan waktu untuk membunuh 50% ulat (LT 50 ). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa AjGV patogenik terhadap A. janata, terutama ulatinstar II dan III dengan mortalitas berturut-turut 90 dan 86,7%. LC 50 AjGVpada ulat instar II dan III masing-masing mencapai 1,0 x 10 3 dan 1,2 x 10 3OB/ml, dengan LT 50 kedua instar sekitar 3,4-4,2 hari. Pengaruh infeksiAjGV pada ulat A. janata efektif menurunkan bobot ulat hidup 57,9 dan57,4% masing-masing pada ulat instar II dan III. Hasil penelitian inimengindikasikan bahwa sasaran yang tepat untuk pengendalian ulat A.janata dengan AjGV di lapangan adalah pada saat instar II dan III.Kata kunci: Achaea janata L, patogenisitas, instar, mortalitasABSTRACTAchaea janata L. is an important insect pest of castor plant (Ricinuscommunis L.) that was intensively controlled by chemical insecticidecaused inefficiency and an environmental polution. To solve the problemsit needs an effective, efficient and environmental friendly of alternativecontrol, especially using Granulosis Virus isolated from A. janata larvae(AjGV). Study on pathogenicity of A. janata virus isolate against castorleaf-eater, A. janata L. was conducted at Insect Pathology Laboratory ofIndonesia Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute in Malang fromJanuary to December 2012. The objective of study is to test thepathogenicity of AjGV against A. janata larvae. Treatment consists of sixconcentrations of AjGV, viz. 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 OBs/ml and onecontrol. Four instars of larvae, e.g. second, third, fourth, and fifth wereused in this study. Each treatments was arranged in Randomized BlockDesign with four replications. Parameter recorded were mortality andweight of larvae, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Result showed that AjGV was pathogenicto A. janata larvae, mainly on second and third instar in resulting of 90%and 86.7% of mortality, respectively. The LC 50 of AjGV on the second andthird instar was 1.0 x 10 3 and 1.2 x 10 3 OB/ml, respectively and the LT 50was 3.4 and 4.2 days, respectively. Infection of A. janata virus reducedthe weight of both instar up to 57.9% and 57.4%, respectively. This resultindicated that the second and third was the suitable instars of A. janatalarvae for better control of AjGV in field.Key word: Achaea janata L, pathogenicity, instar, mortality
PATOGENISITAS DUA ISOLAT LOKAL JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON TERHADAP Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) INDRAYANI, IGAA.; PRABOWO, HERI; MULYANINGSIH, SRI
853-8212
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ABSTRAKEpizootik Nomuraea rileyi telah berkembang secara alami dalampopulasi lebih dari 30 spesies serangga inang, termasuk H. armigera.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat Malang mulai Januari hinggaDesember 2011, tujuannya untuk mengetahui patogenisitas dua isolat lokaljamur entomopatogen N. rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera. Penelitianterdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan, faktor 1 adalah dua isolat lokal N. rileyi,yaitu ML 01 dan LG 02, dan faktor 2 adalah konsentrasi konidia, yaitu: 2,2x 10 5 ; 4,5 x 10 5 ; 2,2 x 10 6 ; 4,5 x 10 6 ; 2,2 x 10 7 ; 4,5 x 10 7 ; 2,2 x 10 8 ; 4,5 x10 8 konidia/ml, dan kontrol. Setiap perlakuan disusun dalam RancanganAcak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Aplikasi jamur padalarva H. armigera dilakukan dengan metode kontaminasi permukaanmedia yang berupa daun kapas muda (1cm 2 ) di dalam ruangan bersuhu25±1⁰C dan kelembapan 75-80%. Parameter yang diamati adalahmortalitas larva, LC 50 dan LT 50 , serta bobot larva. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tingkat patogenisitas isolat ML 01 terhadap larva H.armigera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat LG 02. Isolat ML 01menyebabkan mortalitas larva H. armigera antara 51,13-85,56% (LC 50  =2,5 x 10 2  Konidia/ml) dan isolat LG 02 antara 43,36-78,90%, (LC 50  =5x10 6  Konidia/ml). LT 50 isolat ML 01 antara 5,2-5,5 hari, sedangkan isolatLG 02 antara 6,8-7,0 hari, terutama pada konsentrasi 2,2-4,5 x 10 8konidia/ml. Terdapat korelasi positif yang erat antara konsentrasi konidiadan mortalitas larva baik pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,975) maupun LG 02(r=0,980), demikian pula antara konsentrasi konidia dan kehilangan bobotlarva pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,982) dan LG 02 (r=0,972).Kata kunci: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, patogenisitas, isolat,mortalitasABSTRACTThe epizootic of the fungi Nomuraea rileyi has naturally developedin more than 30 species of insect host population, including cottonbollworm, H. armigera. A study on pathogenicity of two local isolates ofNomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson fungi against Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted at Insect PathologyLaboratory of Indonesian Sweeteners and Fibers Crops Research Institute(ISFCRI) in Malang from January to December 2011 in order to find outthe pathogenicity of the isolates against H. armigera larvae. This studyconsists of two factors as treatment. The first factor was N. rileyi isolates,e.g. ML 01 and LG 02, and the second factor were eight conidiaconcentrations, viz. 2.2 x 10 5 ; 4.5 x 10 5 ; 2.2 x 10 6 ; 4.5 x 10 6 ; 2.2 x 10 7 ; 4.5x 10 7 ; 2.2 x 10 8 ; 4.5 x 10 8 conidia/ml, and one untreated control.Treatments were arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design withthree replications. Suspense of conidia was applied by surfacecontamination method of cotton leaf as medium at 25±1⁰C of temperatureand 75-80% of humidity. Parameter observed were larval mortality, LC 50 ,LT 50 , and larval weight. Result showed that ML 01 isolate was morepathogenic against H. armigera larvae than LG 02 isolate based on larvalmortality, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Percentage of mortality of H. armigera larvaedue to ML 01 and LG 02 infection were 51.1- 85.56% and 43.36-78.90%,respectively. The LC 50 of ML 01 and LG 02 isolates was 5.2-5.5 days and6.8-7.0 days, respectively.There are closest positive correlation betweenconidia concentration and percentage of mortality on ML 01 (r = 0.975)and LG 02 (r = 0.980) isolates as well as between conidia concentrationand larval weight loss on ML 01 (r = 0.982) and LG 02 (r = 0.972)isolates.Key words: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, pathogenicity,isolate, mortality