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Kajian Pemberian Pakan Alternatif terhadap Konsumsi, Kecernaan, dan Efisiensi Penggunaan Pakan pada Jelarang Paha Putih (Ratufa Affinis Raffles, 1821) Farida, Wartika Rosa; Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 2 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i2.170

Four cream-coloured giant squirrel (Ratufa affinis) consisted of one male and three females used in this study to determinethe effect of feeding alternatives on consumption, digestibility, and feed efficiency use. During the studyeach of the animals was placed in individual cages equipped with sleeping box. Feed given were consisting of Guava(Psidium guajava), sweet corn (Zea mays), coconut (Cocos nucifera), peanut (Arachis hypogea), cucumber (Cucumissativus), mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata), and sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus). Feedstuffs are given based onthis animal preferences on the grain in its natural habitat. Feed given cafetaria and drinking water available ad libitum.Results showed that the average of dry matter consumed by male was 45.95 g / head / day and by female 39.14g / head / day; rough protein by male 6.99 g / head / day and by female 5.76 g / head / day ; gross energy by male2392 cal / head / day and by female 2116 cal / head / day. Feed efficiency use of male is 13,99% and female is12,63%. The average of body weight gain of the male animal is higher than that of the female, namely 6.43 g / head /day and 4.88 g / head / day respectively. The average value of digested organic matter or Total Digestible Nutrient(TDN) was higher in the female animal, namely 95.41%, than that of the male, namely 92.68%; as well as digestedenergy or Digestible Energy (DE) in the female animal was higher than that in the male, namely 93.60% and91.17%, respectively.

Divergensi DNA Mitokondria pada Burung Pijantung Kecil (Arachnothera longirostra) dari Indonesia Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati; Irham, Mohammad; Astuti, Dwi
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTA total of 781 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA ND2 gene was analyzed to investigate their divergence in the Arachnothera longirostra (Nectariniidae) birds in Jawa and Sumatera islands of Indonesia. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 27 birds consisted of 8 samples from T.N.G. Halimun, 6 samples from T.N.G. Gede Pangrango, 6 samples from T.N. Ujung Kulon, 1 sample from Dieng (Jawa), and 6 samples from Jambi (Sumatera). Total genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and used in PCR to amplify a single fragment of mDNA ND2 gene. Their DNA sequence data were compared with those from Johor (Malaya Peninsula) and Sabah-Sarawak Borneo (GenBank). There were 61 variable sites included 34 parsimony sites and 27 sequence haplotypes. Mean genetic distance or sequence divergences within bird populasions were ranged from the lowest (0.25 %) for Ujung Kulon to the highest (0.76 %) for G. Gede Pangrango; while mean genetic distance between populations were of 1.67% to 2.82 % for Java island vs Jambi (Sumatera), and 1.06 to 2.09 % for Java vs Borneo. Phylogenetic NJ tree showed that there were two main clades, i.e. 1) birds of Jambi (Sumatra), Johor (Malay Peninsula), Sabah-Sarawak (Borneo), and Ujung Kulon (Java), and 2) birds of G. Gede Pangrango, G. Halimun, and Dieng (Java). Past geologic event may influenced genetic divergence occurred within the populations. Moreover, geographic features such as mountain may played role for population isolation as showed on the Little Spiderhunter bird from G. Halimun, G. Gede Pangrango and Dieng.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, ND2 gene, Arachnothera longirostra, genetic divergence

Komparasi Kecernaan Protein pada Kakatua Tanimbar (Cacatua goffiniana,Finsch 1863) dengan Pemberian Sumber Protein Nabati yang Berbeda Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati; Rachmatika, Rini; Sari, Andri Permata
ZOO INDONESIA Vol 26, No 1 (2017): Juli 2017
Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (570.065 KB)

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan protein semu (KPS) dan metabolisme energi semu (MES) pada kakatua tanimbar yang diberi pakan dua sumber protein nabati yang berbeda, yaitu biji bunga matahari dan kacang tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di Penangkaran Burung, Puslit Biologi-LIPI. Analisis nutrisi bahan pakan dan ekskreta dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Puslit Biologi-LIPI. Penelitian berlangsung selama 75 hari. Materi yang digunakan adalah 5 ekor kakatua tanimbar yang terdiri dari 2 jantan dan 3 betina. Burung tersebut mendapatkan 3 perlakuan pakan dengan sumber protein yang berbeda, yaitu kontrol (P0), P0 + kacang tanah (P1), dan P0 + biji bunga matahari (P2). Pakan kontrol ada-lah jagung manis, kelapa, jambu biji, pisang lampung, kedondong, tauge, kacang panjang, dan kangkung. Parameter yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, KPS, MES, dan efisiensi metabolisme. Data dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan, rataan konsumsi bahan kering P0 ? P1 dan P2. Rataan KPS P1 (1,76%) ? P0 (0,66%) dan P2 (1,39%). Rataan efisiensi metabolik P1 (88,98%) ? P0 (86,72%) dan P2 (87,65%). Rataan MES pada P0 (1354,99 kal/g) ? P1 (1194,21 kal/g) dan P2 (1189,47 kal/g). Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kacang tanah dan biji bunga matahari dapat digunakan secara bergantian sebagai sumber protein alternatif bagi burung kakatua Tanimbar.

Diversity of The Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) Birds Based on Mitochondrial DNA Protein Coding Gene Astuti, Dwi; Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.13501

Ornate lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) is an endemic bird in Sulawesi. Endemism is one of the factors in declining birdâs population. In the case of the birds conservation programme, information about gene diversity is important for basic strategy. Mitochondrial DNA of animals consists of protein coding genes including ND2 gene. This study informs diversity of the Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) birds based on DNA sequences of ND2 gene. DNA total was extracted from blood samples of 21 birds. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed and successfully amplified a single DNA fragment of ND2 gene for all birds. DNA fragments were sequenced and totally 997 base pairs were analyzed. NJ tree was constructed using MEGA5. All DNA sequence data showed that between the birds there were 20Â polymorphic (segregating) sites with mean genetic distance was 0.004 Â± 0.002 (ranged from 0,000 â 0,008), and had 17 sequence haplotypes (HTor1- HTo17). Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.967 Â± 0.30387 and nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00439 Â± 0.0012. Genetic diversity information could be potential relevance to the breeding management for conservation of the birds.

Potency of Brown Sugar as a Nectar Substitute for Trichoglossus haematodus in Captivity Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati; Rachmatika, Rini
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 11, No 2 (2019): August 2019
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) is nectarivorous bird that feed on nectar as a source of carbohydrate. In captivity, it is not practical to provide a continued diet of nectar from the flowers. Therefore, this study aimed to find other carbohydrate sources such as brown sugar as substitute nectar for T. haematodus. Twelve wild T. haematodus in four cages offered five types different brown sugar solution with different concentrations. Since brown sugar has low protein content, therefore the birds also offered commercial baby biscuit to meet the protein requirement. The results showed that the birds like to consume all types of brown sugar solution with sugar concentration up to 40% . However, the siwalan brown sugar solution was the most favored by the bird. over the other type of brown sugar solutions (aren, coconut, sugar cane and regular commercial “palm” brown sugar). Furthermore, the result showed that the birds prefer commercial baby biscuit was soaked in the brown sugar solution with concentration 20%. This study provides the information that the brown sugar solution based diet has potency as an alternative carbohydrate source to substitute nectar for T. haematodus in captivity which is more practical and can increase the survival rate in birds.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TERBATAS TERHADAP BERAT DAN KUALITAS TELUR PADA AYAM PETELUR TIPE MEDIUM UMUR 13 BULAN PRIJONO, SITI NURAMALIATI
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 2, No 9&10 (1984)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Efisiensi di dalam pemberian makanan ayam petelur dapat tercapai apabila biaya makanan dapat ditekan serendah mungkin, tetapi diperoleh hasil keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya dengan catatan tidak mengurangi arti dari kesehatan ayam-ayamnya dan menurunkan kualitas telurnya. Biaya makanan ayam di dalam peternakan meliputi 60 persen dari jumlah biaya produksi, sehinggabiaya makanan tersebut besar pengaruhnya terhadap maju mundurnya usaha peternakan ayam (Hadisoeparto 1977).Scott et al.(1976J menyataKan bahwa pada masa pertumbuhan ayam-ayam terutama tipe medium dan tipe berat perlu mendapat pemberian makanan terbatas, karena setiap kelebihan energi dalam tubuh dapat diubah menjadi lemak.

KAJIAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN ALTERNATIF TERHADAP KONSUMSI, KECERNAAN, DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PAKAN PADA JELARANG PAHA PUTIH (RATUFA AFFINIS RAFFLES, 1821) Farida, Wartika Rosa; Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 9, No 2 (2013): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v9i2.170

Four cream-coloured giant squirrel (Ratufa affinis) consisted of one male and three females used in this study to determinethe effect of feeding alternatives on consumption, digestibility, and feed efficiency use. During the studyeach of the animals was placed in individual cages equipped with sleeping box. Feed given were consisting of Guava(Psidium guajava), sweet corn (Zea mays), coconut (Cocos nucifera), peanut (Arachis hypogea), cucumber (Cucumissativus), mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata), and sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus). Feedstuffs are given based onthis animal preferences on the grain in its natural habitat. Feed given cafetaria and drinking water available ad libitum.Results showed that the average of dry matter consumed by male was 45.95 g / head / day and by female 39.14g / head / day; rough protein by male 6.99 g / head / day and by female 5.76 g / head / day ; gross energy by male2392 cal / head / day and by female 2116 cal / head / day. Feed efficiency use of male is 13,99% and female is12,63%. The average of body weight gain of the male animal is higher than that of the female, namely 6.43 g / head /day and 4.88 g / head / day respectively. The average value of digested organic matter or Total Digestible Nutrient(TDN) was higher in the female animal, namely 95.41%, than that of the male, namely 92.68%; as well as digestedenergy or Digestible Energy (DE) in the female animal was higher than that in the male, namely 93.60% and91.17%, respectively.

DIVERGENSI DNA MITOKONDRIA PADA BURUNG PIJANTUNG KECIL (ARACHNOTHERA LONGIROSTRA) DARI INDONESIA Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati; Irham, Mohammad; Astuti, Dwi
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3394

ABSTRACTA total of 781 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA ND2 gene was analyzed to investigate their divergence in the Arachnothera longirostra (Nectariniidae) birds in Jawa and Sumatera islands of Indonesia. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 27 birds consisted of 8 samples from T.N.G. Halimun, 6 samples from T.N.G. Gede Pangrango, 6 samples from T.N. Ujung Kulon, 1 sample from Dieng (Jawa), and 6 samples from Jambi (Sumatera). Total genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and used in PCR to amplify a single fragment of mDNA ND2 gene. Their DNA sequence data were compared with those from Johor (Malaya Peninsula) and Sabah-Sarawak Borneo (GenBank). There were 61 variable sites included 34 parsimony sites and 27 sequence haplotypes. Mean genetic distance or sequence divergences within bird populasions were ranged from the lowest (0.25 %) for Ujung Kulon to the highest (0.76 %) for G. Gede Pangrango; while mean genetic distance between populations were of 1.67% to 2.82 % for Java island vs Jambi (Sumatera), and 1.06 to 2.09 % for Java vs Borneo. Phylogenetic NJ tree showed that there were two main clades, i.e. 1) birds of Jambi (Sumatra), Johor (Malay Peninsula), Sabah-Sarawak (Borneo), and Ujung Kulon (Java), and 2) birds of G. Gede Pangrango, G. Halimun, and Dieng (Java). Past geologic event may influenced genetic divergence occurred within the populations. Moreover, geographic features such as mountain may played role for population isolation as showed on the Little Spiderhunter bird from G. Halimun, G. Gede Pangrango and Dieng.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, ND2 gene, Arachnothera longirostra, genetic divergence

Effect of Sweetness Level and Amino Acid Composition of Palm Sugar on Feed Intake of Trichoglossus haematodus in Captivity Prijono, Siti Nuramaliati; Rachmatika, Rini
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.24458

Palm sugar solution diets that were offered to the Lorikeets containÂ high energy, low protein and rich in amino acids similar to nectar. The major components of palm sugar are sucrose, which has a sweet taste. The LorikeetsÂ can detect energy-rich from the sweet taste of the feed. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of sweetness level and amino acid composition in palm sugar solution diets on feed intake of T. haematodus. The research method was completely randomized design arranged in a factorial with two factors. The first factor consisted of 4 types of palm sugars, i.e. Â Â aren, coconut, siwalan/palmyra, and nipah sugar with a different degree Brix in 13.5Âº, 14.0Âº, 14.5Âº, and 15.0Âº Brix.While the second factor consisted of two treatments, with and without the addition of the commercial baby biscuit. The results showed that the feed intake of Siwalan sugar was significantly higher than the other palm sugar solution diets. Siwalan sugar solution diet has high sweetness level, sucrose content and essential amino acid Lysine. This study provides the new information regarding the sweetness level of palm sugar and amino acid composition in the diet that can affect feed intake of T. haematodus. Therefore, this information will help to make a formulation of appropriate diet that meets the nutrient requirements especially amino acid for the birds.

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