Afiahayati Afiahayati, Afiahayati
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SMOTE tree-based autoencoder multi-stage detection for man-in-the-middle in SCADA Rolansa, Freska; Istiyanto, Jazi Eko; Afiahayati, Afiahayati; Kusuma Frisky, Aufaclav Zatu
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 1: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp133-144

Abstract

Security incidents targeting supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) infrastructure are increasing, which can lead to disasters such as pipeline fires or even lost of lives. Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks represent a significant threat to the security and reliability of SCADA. Detecting MITM attacks on the Modbus SCADA networks is the objective of this work. In addition, this work introduces SMOTE tree-based autoencoder multi-stage detection (STAM) using the Electra dataset. This work proposes a four-stage approach involving data preprocessing, data balancing, an autoencoder, and tree classification for anomaly detection and multi-class classification. In terms of attack identification, the proposed model performs with highest precision, detection rate/recall, and F1 score. In particular, the model achieves an F1 score of 100% for anomaly detection and an F1 score of 99.37% for multi-class classification, which is preeminence to other models. Moreover, the enhanced performance of multi-class classification with STAM on minority attack classes (replay and read) has shown similar characteristics in features and a reduced number of misclassifications in these classes.
MAS-TENER: a modified attention score transformer encoder for Indonesian skill entity recognition Nonsi Tentua, Meilany; Suprapto, Suprapto; Afiahayati, Afiahayati
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i5.9731

Abstract

Skill entity recognition is a crucial task for aligning educational curricula with the evolving needs of the industry, particularly in multilingual job markets. This study introduces modified attention score transformer encoder (MAS-TENER), a novel transformer-based model designed to enhance the recognition of skill entities from Indonesian job descriptions. The proposed model modifies the attention mechanism by integrating relative positional embeddings and removing the scaling factor in self-attention. These improvements enhance the context of tokens, allowing for the accurate establishment of hard skills, soft skills, and technology skills. The MAS-TENER model was pre-trained and fine-tuned using a combinF.ation of job description datasets and additional corpora, achieving an F1-score of 90.46% at the entity level. The experimental results demonstrate the model's ability to handle unstructured, mixed-language job descriptions, with significant potential for curriculum reform and the development of new workforce capabilities. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the MAS-TENER model as an effective response for any natural language processing (NLP) task in low-resource languages. Moreover, the scope of long-term job market analytics in action research has been a key skill set in the education policy arena, demonstrating collaborative workforce capabilities.