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All Journal IJCR (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research) Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi
Nur Indah Fajar Mukti, Nur Indah Fajar
Gadjah Mada University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Other

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Synthesis of Glycerol Monooleate with MgO-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Catalyst Mukti, Nur Indah Fajar; Putri, Avicenna Mustika; Nur, Wahidah; Arobi, Ibnu; Arifa, Muhammad Ridho
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 22 No. 1 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v22i1.5441

Abstract

Glycerol Monooleate (GMO) is synthesized via esterification, which involves the reaction between glycerol and oleic acid to yield monoglyceride esters. The esterification reaction is intrinsically slow, requiring the use of a catalyst to decrease the activation energy. The catalyst used in this study is a naturally occurring zeolite catalyst that has been altered through acid treatment and impregnation with Mg(NO3)2, and then subjected to calcination to convert it into MgO. Typically, this research consists of two steps: an initial phase where a natural zeolite catalyst is altered, followed by a subsequent phase where glycerol monooleate production. This study investigates the effects of different variables on the reaction. The variables include temperature (140–180oC), catalyst loading (3-10 %weight), glycerol to oleic acid ratio (2:1, 3:1, 4:1), reaction time (0–180 minutes), and stirring speed (125-525 rpm). The research results demonstrate that the highest conversion rate was achieved with a temperature of 180oC, a catalyst concentration of 10%, and a reactant ratio of 3:1 (glycerol to oleic acid). The ideal response time was found to be 120 minutes. The reaction kinetics can be estimated by employing a pseudo reaction equation that follows a first-order rate law. The rate constant, represented by k', can be approximated using the Arrhenius equation. The reaction has an activation energy of -18.64 kJ.mol-1, and the value of A is 1.41 cm3.g-1.minute-1.
Isolasi Katekin dari Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis) Menoreh Berbasis Gelombang Mikro serta Evaluasi Efektivitas Antibakterinya Marwanto, Ari Tri; Ma'mun, Sholeh; Mukti, Nur Indah Fajar
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Volume 11, ISSUE 1, 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijcr.vol11.iss1.art7

Abstract

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as catechins, tannins, caffeine, and flavonoids, with catechins known for their antibacterial activity; however, their extraction yield remains relatively low, necessitating optimization. This study investigated the effects of temperature (40 – 60 °C) and extraction time (3 – 9 minutes) using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) on catechin yield, as well as the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 5 g of dried green tea powder was extracted with 50 g of 60% ethanol at a microwave power of 450 W, followed by solvent evaporation and catechin analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the yield increased with higher temperature and longer extraction time, reaching a maximum of 4.98% at 60 °C for 9 minutes. The disc diffusion assay revealed the largest inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa (19.67 mm), followed by S. aureus (17.50 mm) and S. mutans (12.50 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 3.125% and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 6.25% (MBC/MIC ≤ 4), indicating bactericidal activity. These findings confirm that MAE optimization effectively enhances catechin yield while producing extracts with promising potential as natural antibacterial agents.
Co-Authors Arifa, Muhammad Ridho Arobi, Ibnu Ma'mun, Sholeh Marwanto, Ari Tri Nur, Wahidah Putri, Avicenna Mustika