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HUBUNGAN JENIS SUMBER AIR, KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR, PERSONAL HYGIENE DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LAMPER TENGAH SEMARANG Nurpauji, Siti Vitria; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 3, No 1 (2015): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Diarrhea remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Based on health profile of Semarang City in 2012,IR (Incidence Rate) diarrhea 112 per 10.000 children under five years. From 37 public health center in the city of Semarang (2012), Public Health Center Lamper Tengah included public health center with IR highest diarrhea that amounted to 27 per 1000 children under five years. This research aimed to find out the association of type of water source, bacteriological qualityof water, andpersonalhygienewith the incidence ofdiarrheain children under five years in the working area of Public Health Center Lamper Tengah Semarang. The research using observational type with cross sectional design. The population in this study were children aged 12-59 months who visited taken Public Health Center at Lamper Tengah in October 2013-March 2014. Total samples were 83 respondents with proportional random sampling method. Analysis of the data used is chi-square test.The results of this research show the variables that are association with the incidence of diarrhea is type of drinking water source (p = 0,003), bacteriological quality of drinking water (p=0,001), mother habit of washing hands before feeding children(p=0,008), mother habit of washing hands after defecation (p=0,015), children habit of washing hands before eating (p=0,002), children habit of washing hands after defecation (p=0,005), maternal practices to manage food and beverage (p=0,001), and nail hygiene conditions of mother (p= 0,006). Whereas, variables of type of clean water sourceand nail hygiene conditions of children were not significant relate (p>0,05). From this research it was concluded that variables related to incidence of diarrhea children under five years in the working area of Public Health Center Lamper Tengah Semarang is type of drinking water source, bacteriological quality of drinking water, mother habit of washing hands before feeding children and after defecation, children habit of washing hands before eating and after defecation, maternal practices to manage food and beverage and nail hygiene conditions of mother.

HUBUNGAN HIGIENE PERORANGAN DAN SANITASI MAKANAN RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TIFOID PADA ANAK UMUR 5-14 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO KOTA SEMARANG Malau, Vinta Mariko; Budiyono, Budiyono; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) Vol 3, No 1 (2015): JANUARI
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Diponegoro

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhii and it spreads in fecal-oral way through food and drink. The number of typhoid and paratyphoid fever sufferer in Semarang Bandarharjo Health Centre has increased, from 2011 to 2012 it reached 10.8% and from 2012-2013 up to 23.5%. Most cases on children 5-14 years old. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relation between a child hygiene, food handlers hygiene and household food sanitation with the incidence of typhoid fever on children 5-14 years old in Semarang Bandarharjo Health Centre working area. This study applied observational analytic research with case control design. The population was all children aged 5-14 years old suffering and not suffering from typhoid fever. The sample taken was as many as 43 cases and 43 controls. The data was analysed using chi-square test with standard error (α) 5%. The result of this study shows that there is relation between hand washing habit before eating in children (p-value=0,042), hand washing habit after defecation in children (p-value=0,002), hand washing habit of food handlers before handling the food (p-value=0,045), hand washing habit of food handlers after defecation (p-value=0,002), the cooking process of food by food handlers before consumed (p-value=0,017) with the incidence of typhoid fever and there is no relation between the practice of washing the food ingredients by food handlers (p-value=0,126), the practice of cleaning of eating utensils by food handlers (p-value=0,113), the boiling of water before consumed (p-value=0,017) with the incidence of typhoid fever. In conclusion, personal hygiene and food sanitation are risk factors to the incidence of typhoid fever on 5-14 years old in Semarang Bandarharjo Health Centre working area.

Analisis Kondisi Rumah Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Sentosa Baru Kota Medan Tahun 2008 Sinaga, Lenni Arta F.S.; Suhartono, Suhartono; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 8, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.8.1.26 - 34

ABSTRACT Background: House Condition (Solar orientation, temperature quality, degree of humidity, ventilation index and occupancy density)Â are several factors may cause infection of diseases and health disorders, among other are infection of respiratory tract such as common cold, tuberculosis, influenza, pneumonia and so on. In 2007, there were 7713 cases of pneumonia in Medan city. In the working area of Sentosa Baru Health Center had the highest with 770 cases (10 %). Sentosa Baru was one of subdistrict which had the biggest population in Medan that cause many problems specially to provide good house. This study aimed to analyze house condition (solar orientation, temperature quality, degree of humidity, ventilation index and occupancy density) in relation to pneumonia incidnence. Method: It was a case control studyÂ carried out on August to October 2008 at Sentosa Baru Health Center in Medan. Children qualifying pneumonia classification were defined as cases (62) and without pneumonia as controls (62). Analysis by Chi-Square test and stratification by Mantel Haenszel method. Result: The result of the research showed that solar orientation had OR = 2,9 ( 95% CI =1,28 -6,70), ventilation index (OR = 2,9 ; 95% CIÂ = 1,27 -,6,70) , and living in crowded home (OR = 6,9Â ; 95% CI =Â 2,72 -Â 17,52) were risk factors for pneumonia incidence. Multiple Regresion Analysis showed that living in crowded home was the most dominant risk factor for pneumonia under five years children at Sentosa Baru Public Health Medan City 2008. Key word : family behavior and pneumonia incidence

Kajian Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Dalam Upaya Penyehatan Lingkungan Daerah Kejadian Luar Biasa Dusun Beran Desa Kanigoro Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang Tahun 2007 Setiawan, Danny; Setiani, Onny; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Oktober 2007
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.6.2.59 - 61

ABSTRACT Background : Outbreak case in Kanigoro Village, Ngablak Sub District, Magelang Regency in July 2007 resulted in 31 victims and 10 people lost their lives with a symptom of being poisoned by toxic material. The condition of water sanitary system which did not meet health requirements was assumed as the cause. From the survey, it could be concluded that water used by the people was at high possibility of being polluted by pollutants because the distribution system did not meet requirements. Method : This research used a qualitative approach in order to find out various influences of the existing environmental sanitary conditions, the method used was survey (observation research) by conducting in-depth interview and observation by using questionnaires and check lists which had been composed, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The source of water for the people is Tuk Ngetuk Spring. The potential of water resource with a volume of 3.5 litres per second from quantity perspective has been able to meet the needs of Beran Hamletâ€™s people for the next 5 years. The risk factor for water pollution physically, bacteriological, and chemically had a value of high level of water pollution. Result : The finance for water resources management in an effort to sanitize the environment was so limited that influenced the infrastructure and the activity of watching water quality done by Health Service of Magelang Regency. Kanigoro Villageâ€™s head handed over the task and duty in managing water to his villagers, a person per hamlet respectively, who were being called ili-ili. The participation of the people in voluntary collective work activities every six months was hard to realize. Conclusion : To prevent water resources from being polluted with pesticide used in farming, there was a need for information given continually, the application of integral germ control, organic farming or biopesticide, and a building for catching water from the spring had to conform to the manual of practicing guide for capturing water from the spring. With regard to limited finance, there was a need for the empowerment of the people through the founding of a group of water users in Beran Water Reservoir Keywords: Water Resources, Management, Environmental Sanitation

Analisis Risiko Pencemaran Bahan Toksik Timbal (Pb) pada Sapi Potong di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Jatibarang Semarang Wardhayani, Sutji; Setiani, Onny; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006): APRIL 2006
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.5.1.11 - 16

ABSTRACT Background: Final waste disposal site in Jatibarang represent accumulative site of various waste from various activities in Semarang city and its surroundings. It may become an environmental contamination sources, such as air, water, land contamination, and also in living organism. The contamination substance that generally exists in the waste disposal site is toxic substance, such as lead (Pb). The disposal site in Jatibarang is used as pasturing site for beef cattle. The beef cattle consumed the organic disposal and leachate as food sources. By consuming the organic disposal and leachate from the area, the cattle may be contaminated from toxic substance (for example, Lead) that can be distributed to all part of the body of the cattle. If human being consume the meat of cattle, the body maybe contaminated by toxic substance. It may couse an adverse effect since it is accumulated in the body. Lead (Pb) may cause erythrocytes, and kidney degenerative, disorder on reproduction system, nerve system, stimulate cancer and IQ degradation. The objective of thisÂ research was Â to analyze the risk of toxic substance contamination from lead on beef cattle at Â waste disposal site Jatibarang Semarang. Methods: This Study was a survey research with a cross sectional approach. Total sample of beef cattle (41, 6 samples) were taken from disposal site andÂ 3 samples of leachate were taken from waste disposal site Jatibarang Semarang. Data were analysed using AAS for Â laboratorium examination and also observation of the site. The data obtained was Â analyzed by partial correlation analysis (to know the correlation between independent variable and dependent variable) Results: Analysis showed that there was significant correlation between Pb concentration in waste and Pb concentration in cattle urine Â p = 0,865 r = 0,0281 old disposal (unorganic disposal that has been serapped by the cattle) p = 0,427 r = 0,1309, leachate (cattle drinking water) p = 1,000 r = 0,0001, cattleâ€™s weight p = 0,0001 r = 0,8114, cattleâ€™s age p = 0,0001 r = 0,7049.The conclusion of this Â research is that independent variable such as Pb has in waste correlationÂ in waste with risk contamination of lead in beef cattle at waste disposal site Jatibarang. Keywords: lead contamination, beef cattle, final waste disposal site

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Keracunan Pestisida Organofosfat pada Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang, 2008 Asror, Farikhun; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Oktober 2007
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.6.2.37 - 40

ABSTRACT Background: Pesticides spraying which is not follow the regulation, will give many effect on Â human health. Many adverse Â effects on human health include anemia, neurodegenerative diseass, endocrine disruption caused by chronic Â poisoning of pesticides Â on farmers. Pesticides poisoning Â Â can be detected Â by the examination of the blood cholinesterase activities. Factors Â that influence to the occurrence of pesticides poisoning are the factors from the inside of the human bodyÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â ( internal) and outside of the human body ( external) The objective of this research was determined risk factors of organophosphate pesticides poisoning on the horticultura sprayer farmers in agriculture area of Tejosari village, Â Ngablak Sub- distric , Magelang. Method: This research used case control design study, with 100 samples included of cases 50 and controles 50. The population was sprayer farmers and sprayer farmer labour of Â horticultura agriculture area of Tejosari. DataÂ was analyzed by univariate analysis by using table of frequency distribution and analyze the percentage, bivariate analysis by using statistical test of Chi-square and multivariate analysis by using statistical test of logistic regretion. Result: Total respondens base on group of age mostly 35 â€“ 44 ages (31%), respondens level Â of education which graduated from elementary school (76%). From multivariate analisis showed that risk factors for pesticides poisoning were less knowledge (p = 0,041; OR: 3,630; 95% C.I : 1,057â€“12,529); abnormal nutrition status (p = 0,048;Â OR: 6,623; 95% C.I. : 1.015â€“43.204); anemia (p = 0,009; OR : 5,987; 95% C.I. : 1,564-22,914); using of personal protective equipment not complete (p=0,001 OR : 26,661; 95% CI : 5,841-121,705) and over dose pesticide (p = 0,003; OR 8,095; 95% C.I. 2,055-31,883). Conclusion : using of personal protective equipment complete was the most influence risk factor to the occurrence of organophosphat pesticide poisoned at the horticultura sprayer farmers of plant pest. It is suggested that the sprayer farmers have to use complete personal protective equipment each time used pesticides. Key Words : Risk factor, Cholinesterase activities, Organophosphat the pesticide poisoning

Faktor - Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Tinea Pedis Pada Pemulung Di TPA Jatibarang Semarang Kurniawati, Ratna Dian; Suhartono, Suhartono; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006): APRIL 2006
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.5.1.25 - 28

ABSTRACT Background : Tinea pedis is a parasit disease caused by the dermatopoyd fungi and found on skinÂ around sole of foot and toe. Several risk factors of Tinea pedis are as follow: wearing the shoes for whole day, wearing the sock while working, and hight exposure of fungi. The aim of this research was to determine relationship between the living environment andÂ the incidence of Tinea pedis on "Pemulung" (the collector of abandoned goods) at the final disposal place of Jatibarang in Semarang. And also to knowÂ the relationship between practise of personal-hygiene and the incidence of Tinea pedis on "Pemulung" . Methods : This was an observational research using cross sectional approach. Samples were "Pemulung" at the final disposal place of Jatibarang in Semarang. Number of samples taken were 56 persons. Independent variables were type of floor, source of water, wearing the shoes while working, wearing the sock while working, changing of the sock, washing the foot after working, drying the foot after washing, washing the shoes after wearing, frequency of taking a bath everyday, and wearing the sandal at home. Results : Results of regression logistic analysis showed that the factors, which influence the occurrence of Tinea pedis, were: sources of water and wearing the sandal at home. With p value forÂ source of water is 0,016 and wearing the sandal at home is 0,039. The efforts that can be done to prevent transmission of Tinea pedis such as: avoid using the river water and using the monitoring well. "Pemulung" should wear the sandal at home in order to reduce transmission of fungi. Beside that, they should keep clean at around their home to prevent growth of Tinea pedis fungi. Key words : Environmental Sanitation, Practise of Personal-Hygiene, Tinea Pedis

Paparan Debu Kayu Dan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Mebel (Studi di PT Alis Jaya Ciptatama) Triatmo, Wenang; Adi, M. Sakundarno; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (2006): OKTOBER 2006
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.5.2.69 - 76

ABSTRACT Background : Wood dust generated from processes of sawing, planning and sanding can disperse in the workplace air and harm to the workers. Exposed to low concentration of wood dust for a long time can cause respiratory tract disordersÂ such as restriction, obstruction or mixed. Generally, organic dust exposure will effect on obstruction of respiratory tract which is indicated by decreasing of % FEV â€“ 1 / FVC. Workers of wood industries have a high risk from wood dust deposition on their respiratory tract. Absorption of wood dust particles in the lung occurred by respiration mechanism. Methods : This research purpose was to analyze the exposure of wood dust and lung function disorder on furniture workers (StudyÂ atÂ PT Alis Jaya Ciptatama ) in Jepara Regency. This research was an observational study with a cross Sectional approach with 55 samples. Sampling was carried out by using a Probability Systematic Sampling. Data of respirable wood dust concentrationÂ was measured by a using Personal Dust Sampler. Whereas data of lung function was resulted from Sprirometry testÂ using a spirometer. Other data was collected from interview with the workers with age limitation is up to 40 years old. Data analyze by Chi Square Test was used toÂ Â identity the wood dust exposure, age, gender, time of exposure, working years, smoking habit, excercise habit, nutrient status and awareness in using of Personal Protective Equipment, in the correlation of occuring the lung function disorder.Multivariat analysis was carried out by regression test with the method of backward stepwise. Results: The result of this research was wood dust exposure significantly influence and correlate to the occuring of the lung function disorder on furniture workers ( Study at PT Alis Jaya Ciptatama ), using appliance Personal Dust Sampler, highest result wood dust exposure 1,848 mg/mÂ³ and the low result wood dust exposure 0,833 mg/mÂ³, with the result : for wood dust exposureÂ p = 0,001 and odss ratioÂ = 13,720 with 95% CI (3,034 â€“ 62,040). Probability of wood dust exposure factor toward lung function disorder which was assessed by logistic regression formula resulted in, wood dust exposure over the Theshold Limit Value of 1 mg/mÂ³ is 78,4% another 21,6% is because of other factor beyond the study of the researcher. Conclusion: The recomendationÂ of this research is expected to be an input for the local government andÂ Health Service in particular, in making guidelines of the programs related to harmful effects from the workplace to the workers health, as well as for the needs of workplace monitoring and occupational health surveillance. Therefore to make the programs succeed , it needs occupational health promotionÂ and application of controle measures on reducing wood dust concentration at the workplace. Keywords : Wood Dust Exposure, Lung Function Disorder, Workers, Furniture.

Analisis Faktor Risiko Pencemaran Bahan Toksik Boraks Dan Pewarna Pada Makanan Jajanan Tradisional Yang Dijual Di Pasar-Pasar Kota Semarang Tahun 2006 Sugiyatmi, Sri; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006): APRIL 2006
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.5.1.29 - 38

ABSTRACT Background: The home industry of traditional food is potentially in community economic growth. However, on the other hand, it could bring on a health disorder caused by toxic material contamination such as borax and coloring agent. The aim this research is to find out risk factors that caused material toxic contamination borax and coloring agent of traditional food that be sold at traditional market in Semarang city. Methods: The research was classified as an observational research with a cross sectional approach. TheÂ population were producer of traditional food at traditional market in Semarang City. The samples were 48 persons from eight markets. They were taken by cluster random sampling method from 47 markets in Semarang City. Data were taken based on a chemical analysis and interview method. Data analysis using cross tabulation (Chi-square test) and a multivariate analysis. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there were significant association between the degree of education, knowledge, attitude, practice, and the toxic material borax and coloring agent contamination of traditional food that was sold at the traditional market in Semarang City. The multivariate analysis showed that OR of education (OR = 33; 95% CI 3.73-292.42), knowledge (OR = 20.7; 95% CI = 4.41 â€“ 92.16), attitude (OR = 31; 95% CI = 6.84 â€“ 140.46), and practice (OR = 68.2; 95% CI = 7.156 â€“ 650.00) as Â the risk factors of the toxic material borax and coloring agent contamination of traditional food that be sold at the traditional market of Semarang City. Conclusions: Education, knowledge, attitude, and practice are the risk factors of the toxic material borax and coloring agent contamination of traditional food that be sold at the traditional market of Semarang City. Keyword: risk factor; traditional food; additive material; borax; coloring agent.

Hubungan Higiene Penjamah dengan Keberadaan Bakteri Escherichia coli Pada Minuman Jus Buah di Tembalang Lestari, Dyah Puji; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli; Hanani D., Yusniar
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.14.1.14 - 20

Background: Fruit juice is one of a beverages that is easily obtained and become favorite beverages among the students. The making and presentation of beverages with the presence of bacteria contamination in beverages may will be influence by hygiene factors are not qualified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between food handler hyigiene and the existence of Escherichia coli on fruit juice beverages in the Tembalang. Method: This study used observational researchÂ with a cross sectional design. Total samples as many as 25 trader jus, data collection techniques by the laboratory tests and surveys. Data were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results: The results of the 25 samples showed 13 (52%) fruit juice samples, 11 (44%) samples of boiled water and 14 (56%) samples of water wash containing the bacteria Escherichia coli. There is a relationship between the quality of boiled water with the presence of bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=0,001), there is a relationship between the quality of water wash to the presence of bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=0,005), there is no relationship between handler hygiene with the presence ofÂ bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=0,848), there is no relationship water sanitation with the presence of bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=1,000), there is no relationship betweenÂ sanitary equipment with the presence of bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=0,561), there is no relationship between trash conditions with the presence of bacteria E.coli in fruits juice (p=0,543). Conclusion: This study concluded thatÂ the quality of boiled and washing water as the risk factors of the exixtence of Escherichia coli on fruit juice beverages in Tembalang. Key words: hygiene and sanitation, fruit juice, Escherichia coli.

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