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Aung, Min Htike
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Caregiver burden from caring for dependent elderly in Yangon, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Naing, May Zun; May, Sein Yaw; Aung, Min Htike
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Elderly population and well-being of those are emerging as major challenges for families and communities. This study aimed to identify caregiving burden among caregivers who care for dependent elderly. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tharkayta Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Total 200 caregivers were selected applying multi-stage sampling method and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Dependent score of elderly was assessed by using Barthel Index of activities of daily living (ADL) and assessment of caregiver burden through Zarit Burden Interview. Results: The results showed that over one fifth of caregivers 21.5% had experienced severe burden, 39.5% had experienced moderate burden, 32.5% had experienced mild burden and only 6.5% had experienced no/little burden. Among elderly population, 11.5% were fully dependent, 40.0% were highly dependent, 46.0% were semi dependent, and only 2.5% were almost independent. Burden of caregivers and dependent score of elderly were negatively correlated (ß = ̶ 0.247, p = 0.000) and statistically significant association between age group and burden level (X2 = 17.335, p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study highlighted that community health nurses should emphasize on health education activities regarding caregivers training and home visit program for elderly and their caregivers.
Soft Drink Consumption Patterns of Middle School Students in North Okkalarpa Thwe, Moh Moh; May, Sein Yaw; Aung, Min Htike
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
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Background: Urbanization and economic development in Myanmar have brought about culture and dietary transition from a traditional to a westernized diet. The health of the nation, especially the youth, may influence the changing dietary patterns: i.e., the higher the soft drink consumption, the higher the prevalence of soft drink-related diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 middle school students in North Okkalarpa Township, Yangon Region. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaires, and respondents were selected by using simple random sampling method. Results: In this study, 81.2% of the students consumed soft drink once a day, and the main reasons were taste, preference, and availability at home. Chi-square test showed significant relationship between gender and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.005), and a strong significant relationship was observed between education level and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.000). However, Kruskal–Wallis statistics showed significant relationship between education level and soft drink consumption habit (p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study focused on the knowledge regarding soft drink, habits, and consumption patterns among students. This study highlighted that knowledge of preventive measures of non-communicable diseases since school age can also reduce the disease burden of Myanmar.
Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Lifestyles Among Community Residents at East Gyogone Ward, Insein Township Meemee, Rita; Khin, Naw Ohn Khin; Aung, Min Htike
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming major challenges for health professionals. Health-promoting lifestyles (HPL) are one of the main criteria for determining health and recognized as the main factor affecting the development of chronic NCDs. This study aimed to determine factors affecting HPL practices among community residents. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar. A total of 194 participants were recruited by using systematic sampling method, and self-administered questionnaires for sociodemographic characteristics and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used for data collection. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were employed in the data analysis. Results: The overall mean score for HPL was 126.67 ± 21.29. The participants performed best in the spiritual growth subscale (25.1 ± 5.08) but worst in the physical activity subscale (14.23 ± 4.46). More than half (56.70%) of them had moderate HPL level. Participants’ HPL showed significant associations with education level, occupation, total family income per month, perception of health status, smoking, and drinking alcohol status (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study highlights the needs for redesigning health promotion programs to increase awareness of community residents on HPL, to empower them in developing HPL, and to apply them in their everyday lives.
Mothers’ Nutritional Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Practice of Meal Preparation for School-age Children in Yangon, Myanmar Phyo, Wut Yee; Khin, Ohn Khin; Aung, Min Htike
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Childhood malnutrition is a global public health concern. For Myanmar, mothers play a prominent role in improving the nutritional status of children as they prepare meals for children. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 367 mother-child pairs (6–10 years). Significantly, systematic random sampling and structured questionnaires were utilized in this study. Results: The mean age of mothers was 35.73 ± 6.9 years, and a majority had fair nutritional knowledge (52.3%), good self-efficacy (79.8%), and good practice of meal preparation (59.4%). The prevalence of childhood malnutrition was categorized as stunting (18.2%), underweight (18.8%), wasting (13.3%), overweight (9.0%), and obesity (6.5%). Only 34.2% of children were in the normal nutritional status. The nutritional knowledge of mothers was associated with the age and education of mothers, child ownership, monthly food budget, and height-for-age (p < 0.05). Mothers’ self-efficacy was associated with education, child ownership, monthly food budget, height-for-age, and weight-for-age (p < 0.05). The meal preparation practice of mothers was associated with their education, child ownership, monthly food budget, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age (p < 0.05). Nutritional knowledge, self-efficacy, and meal preparation practice of mothers were strongly correlated with each other (p < 0.001). BMI-for-age was associated with mothers’ education (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests improving the nutritional aspects of mothers by providing nutrition education combined with self-efficacy improving activities. This activity will lead to maintaining good nutrition in school-aged children.
Co-Authors Khin, Naw Ohn Khin Khin, Ohn Khin May, Sein Yaw Meemee, Rita Naing, May Zun Phyo, Wut Yee Thwe, Moh Moh