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All Journal Sriwijaya Law Review Indonesia Law Review (ILREV)
Anuar, Haslinda Mohd
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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LEGAL AND NON-LEGAL AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE IN MALAYSIA’S PALM OIL INDUSTRY Kamaruddin, Hanim; Wahab, Harlida Abdul; Anuar, Haslinda Mohd
Indonesia Law Review
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As a major global producer of palm oil products, Malaysia is familiar with criticisms of its palm oil cultivation, poor agricultural practices and decisions during the planting process. Loss of biodiversity and deforestation resulting from unsustainable palm oil practices are perceived as major setbacks for the environment in Malaysia. However, at the same time as Malaysia stands committed to the palm oil industry and its contribution to job growth and poverty reduction, the relevant stakeholders are creating strategies for sustainable production. Together with relevant environmental laws to prevent and control impacts from climate change, loss of biodiversity and deforestation, environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures to limit environmental impacts are also being applied. Many legal and non-legal measures to ensure sustainable palm oil production practices have been continuously debated, created or implemented over the past decades. These include certification schemes, penalties for environmental offenses, imposing environmental taxes or incentives as corrective and rehabilitative tools, and contributions to an Environmental Fund, as provided in the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974. Furthermore, any new initiatives must ensure that palm oil cultivation practices adhere to and embrace the principles envisaged in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), in order to achieve SDGs 2030.
Protecting the Right to Clean Water: Legal Challenges and Solutions for River Pollution in Kurdistan Ali, Hiwa Rashid; Rahim, Asmar Abdul; Anuar, Haslinda Mohd
Sriwijaya Law Review Volume 9 Issue 1, January 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Sriwijaya University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28946/slrev.Vol9.Iss1.1644.pp71-94

Abstract

Access to clean water is a fundamental human right recognised by the United Nations. However, in Iraq, particularly in the Kurdistan region, this right is under significant threat due to severe pollution and contamination of rivers. While the Iraqi Constitution and environmental laws indirectly acknowledge the right to clean water, the legal and institutional framework for river protection remains inadequate. This study focuses on the Tanjero River as a case study to assess Iraq's legal framework and enforcement mechanisms for water resource protection. This study identifies critical gaps in legislation and enforcement through a qualitative and socio-legal methodology, including interviews and analysis of relevant laws such as Law No. 8 (2008) for Environmental Protection and Improvement. The findings reveal that the Tanjero River's pollution is primarily caused by mismanagement of water resources, insufficient legislation, weak enforcement, lack of coordination, and inadequate infrastructure. The Kurdistan Regional Government must prioritise sustainable water resource management, establish a comprehensive legal framework, and implement rigorous enforcement measures to address these issues. These steps are essential to safeguarding the right to clean water, protecting public health, and promoting sustainable development in the region.
Co-Authors Ali, Hiwa Rashid Kamaruddin, Hanim Rahim, Asmar Abdul Wahab, Harlida Abdul