Kamaruddin, Hanim
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LEGAL AND NON-LEGAL AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE IN MALAYSIA’S PALM OIL INDUSTRY Kamaruddin, Hanim; Wahab, Harlida Abdul; Anuar, Haslinda Mohd
Indonesia Law Review
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

As a major global producer of palm oil products, Malaysia is familiar with criticisms of its palm oil cultivation, poor agricultural practices and decisions during the planting process. Loss of biodiversity and deforestation resulting from unsustainable palm oil practices are perceived as major setbacks for the environment in Malaysia. However, at the same time as Malaysia stands committed to the palm oil industry and its contribution to job growth and poverty reduction, the relevant stakeholders are creating strategies for sustainable production. Together with relevant environmental laws to prevent and control impacts from climate change, loss of biodiversity and deforestation, environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures to limit environmental impacts are also being applied. Many legal and non-legal measures to ensure sustainable palm oil production practices have been continuously debated, created or implemented over the past decades. These include certification schemes, penalties for environmental offenses, imposing environmental taxes or incentives as corrective and rehabilitative tools, and contributions to an Environmental Fund, as provided in the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974. Furthermore, any new initiatives must ensure that palm oil cultivation practices adhere to and embrace the principles envisaged in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), in order to achieve SDGs 2030.
Regulatory Challenges in Wastewater Management and its Impacts on Environmental Sustainability Maskun, Maskun; Kamaruddin, Hanim; Khalid, Rasyikah Md; Anugerah, Muhammad; Wiranti, Wiranti; Bachril, Siti Nurhaliza
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i3.5560

Abstract

Before the enactment of the Job Creation Law, liquid waste disposal was governed by a specific permit system. However, with the introduction of the Job Creation Law, this system transitioned to requiring businesses to obtain technical approvals to comply with wastewater quality standards. Challenges have emerged, particularly improper practices that fail to align with ethical environmental principles. This research critically examines Indonesia's legislative framework for liquid waste management, focusing on its implementation and impact under the Job Creation Law, with a specific emphasis on environmental sustainability. A significant finding highlights persistent issues in managing household and laundry wastewater, which remain inadequately addressed under current regulations. Such gaps undermine environmental ethics, both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. This paper advocates for synchronized regulations and comprehensive guidelines to mitigate adverse effects on environmental sustainability, ensuring stronger legal protections for Indonesian society. 
Legal Reform of Wastewater Management under the Job Creation Law in Kendari City: Between Regulatory Conflict and Environmental Ethics Maskun, Maskun; Halim, Hamzah; Mukhlis, Muhammad Mutawalli; Kamaruddin, Hanim; Ratnawati, Ratnawati; Aslan, Jamal; Muchtasar, Rizal; Kapugu, Betsy Anggreni; Allo, Zet Tadung
LAW REFORM Vol 21, No 2 (2025): Law Reform
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v21i2.68417

Abstract

Prior to the implementation of the Job Creation Law, wastewater management in Indonesia was governed by the granting of liquid waste management permits. Nevertheless, the implementation of the new law has supplanted these licenses with a technical approval system that mandates adherence to wastewater quality requirements. This study aims to examine the current legal framework governing wastewater management in Indonesia and assess its execution under the Job Creation Law, with a focus on environmental sustainability. The employed methodology is a normative and empirical legal research strategy, utilizing qualitative analysis via document examination and field observation in Kendari City. The findings suggest that the new legislation encounters implementation difficulties, particularly in overseeing wastewater from home and small-scale enterprises, such as laundry services, which are predominantly unregulated. The conclusion is that the existing legal framework has not adequately integrated principles of environmental ethics, including anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. Consequently, legal reform and the establishment of ethical principles are essential to guarantee environmental preservation and foster the sustainability of ecological functions.