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All Journal ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari
Clinical Microbiology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Tuberculosis cases comparison in developed country (Australia) and developing country (Indonesia): a comprehensive review from clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological aspects Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari; I Wayan Adi Pranata; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti; I Dewa Made Sukrama
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): (Available Online: 1 August 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (898.853 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v12i2.1034

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of most crucial public health issues around the world. TB is an entity of a complex disease with the socio-economic aspect that has very strong correlation in regard to combat this disease. Migration from developing country to developed country inevitably possesses big influence on global epidemiologic of TB. In Australia, TB still becomes the main threat not only in native population but also regarding the migrant movement into Australia. Indonesia is one of among the TB endemic countries with high TB cases, in which not merely due to its high TB prevalence and incidence but also influenced by very high and dense population.Aim: This literature aims to review the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological aspects of tuberculosis as a comparison between developed country (Australia) and developing country (Indonesia).Conclusion: Tuberculosis cases in Australia remains low compared to Indonesia, however, the close proximity to adjacent developing countries with high endemic of TB contributes significantly to increase number of TB in Australia. Tuberculosis can be cured by following the treatment guidelines with proper monitoring. Moreover, the collaboration between public and private sector along with active collaboration from the family or people surrounding the patients is required to eliminate TB disease.
Current recombinant vaccine strategy as a novel approach to prevent Ebola virus diseases: a literature review Agus Simahendra; Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari; I Wayan Adi Pranata; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.3

Abstract

Ebola virus has resulted in a devastating hemorrhagic fever epidemic spanning several African countries and leading to thousands of deaths. There have been no vaccines approved or medication strategies toward successful prophylaxis and therapeutics critical until the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 as a preventative measure for people aged 18 years old and/or older. Several experimental vaccines are showing some promise. The most advanced vaccine is the clinically tested recombinant vesicular-stomatitis virus (rVSV) which encodes EBOV glycoprotein, widely known as the V920 vaccine candidate. This vaccine induces antibody-producing responses in non-human primate models, and current clinical trials suggest protective efficacy in humans. Although generally well-tolerated, the administration of this vaccine was complicated by occurrences of side effects. The development of vaccine platforms is also challenging, given that Ebola virus diseases have now reached epidemic proportions in some localities. Outcomes in terms of viral persistence after recovery are unknown, and a study explaining the role of adaptive immunity in recovery may be essential to inform effective vaccine design. This review aims to give a basic understanding on the general immunity mechanism elicited by recombinant vector vaccines and the current implementation of this relatively new technology to tackle a major infectious disease outbreak.
Antiviral mechanisms targeting regulatory genes Tat and Rev to defeat latent HIV-1 infected T cells: a literature review Erly Sintya; Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari; I Wayan Adi Pranata; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.4

Abstract

Antiviral drug therapies have been utilized to prevent disease progression in patients positive HIV-1. Various research has been conducted to investigate and develop a potential functional therapy to suppress HIV-1 replication and cure latent HIV-1 in the absence of drugs. Approaches that have been well studied are the anti-HIV-1 which targets RNAs, proteins, or peptides expressed by HIV-1 resistant cells, which can be transplanted to the patients. RNA interference in the form of small RNA has been proven as a promising therapy to prevent HIV-1 replication. It is utilized for therapy using cell transplantation and various gene combinations in clinical trials. However, many studies have been failed to show a successful eradication of latently HIV-1 infected T cells. It is happened due to the virus's ability to escape from antiviral therapies. However, this can be overcome by using a combination of ARTs. On the other hand, genetic editing has been intensively studied since it can cure various diseases caused by genetic or pathogen infections, including HIV type 1. The previous studies have designed gRNA bind to protein Cas type 9 targeting HIV functional genes, Tat and Rev sequences. Various recombination has been introduced to CRISPR-based gene editing to increase the binding affinity and efficiency of Cas9 to target Tat and Rev proteins of their exons. The best approach for the Cas9 targeted Tat and Rev is by utilizing more than one guide RNA. However, Subsequent studies are needed to confirm the ability of Cas9 with various guide RNAs to inhibit virus activation and replication in latent HIV-1. This review aims to describe the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of antiviral therapies that target Tat and Rev as regulatory genes to eradicate latent HIV-1 infected T cells. 
Co-Authors Agus Simahendra Erly Sintya I Dewa Made Sukrama I Wayan Adi Pranata Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti