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All Journal Jurnal Sain Veteriner BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) Archive of Community Health Buletin Veteriner Udayana Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Journal Of Vocational Health Studies Oceana Biomedicina Journal ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory (IJCPML) OISAA Journal of Indonesia Emas Bali Dental Journal Oceana Biomedicina Journal Indonesian Journal of Cancer INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Journal of Global Pharma Technology Neurona Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy

I Dewa Made Sukrama

Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, Bali

Author-ID : 2542310

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Dentistry Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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SURGEONS BEHAVIOR TOWARD PROPHYLAXIS ANTIBIOTICS IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL Suranadi, I Wayan; Sukrama, Dewa Made; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri; Pradhana, Adinda Putra; Amin, Yusuf Sidang
Bali Journal of Anesthesiology Vol 2, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Â Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a complicated problem due to many factors, especially its use and abuse. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is very common in both developed and developing countries. The goal of this study was to see the knowledge of the surgeons toward prophylaxis antibiotic at Sanglah Hospital.Methods: This is a descriptive study of 55 surgeons who performed elective surgery at Sanglah Hospital. A questionnaire was filled by the surgeons randomly without prior notice about the study. The information about their behavior toward prophylaxis antibiotics was gathered from medical record of the day.Result: Out of the 55 surgeons participated in this study, 85.5% have followed a training on rational antibiotic use. The level of knowledge about factors that can increase surgical wound infections is quite good (94.4%), while the knowledge regarding factors that can reduce surgical wound infections very low (16.4%). Almost all (92.7%) clean-surgery patients were given prophylactic antibiotics. The most given antibiotic was ceftriaxone (72.7%), the third generation of cephalosporins.Conclusion: The mean knowledge of the surgeons toward antibiotic prophylaxis was 59.8%. The most used antibiotic as pre-surgical prophylaxis was ceftriaxone. And the time of administration for prophylaxis antibiotic was 16-60 minutes prior to surgical incision.

Detection of genes encoding ompW and ctxA of Vibrio cholerae isolated from shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market, Bali-Indonesia Kusuma Praja, Rian Arinta; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Fatmawati, Ni Nengah Dwi
Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Oceana Biomedicina Journal
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Contamination of pathogenic bacteria in food can lead to the emergence of foodborne disease. One of foodborne disease which often occurs in some developing countries such as Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America is cholera which is caused by Vibrio cholerae. The disease is transmitted through beverages and food, especially contaminated seafood. V. cholerae has several virulence factors including the outer membrane protein W (ompW) and cholerae toxin (ctx).The ompW acts as a protective barrier and can also be used as a marker specific species of V. cholerae and cholerae toxin is an enterotoxin responsible for the incidence of diarrhea in a cholera outbreak produced by pathogenic V. cholerae. This study was an observational study to determine the level of contamination of V. cholerae by detecting the outer membrane protein W (ompW) and cholerae toxin subunit A (ctxA) gene of V. cholerae in shrimp and shellfish sold at Kedonganan fish market. Samples were taken using total sampling technique and obtained 24 samples consisting of 14 shrimp samples and 10 shellfish samples. Samples were examined using culture methods and biochemical tests, and then further tested using Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) to detect ompW and ctxA gene. The dPCR assay results showed 8 out of 14 (57.1%) samples from shrimp and 1 out of 10 (10%) samples from the shellfish positive carried ompW gene, and found no positive samples carrying the ctxA gene in samples derived from shrimp and shellfish. Chi square test analysis results indicated contamination of V. cholerae in shrimp was higher than shellfish based on ompW gene (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the shrimp and shellfish at Kedonganan fish market are contaminated by V. cholerae. Further research is needed to detect the virulence factors besides ompW and ctxA of V. cholerae in seafood. Keywords: Foodborne disease, Vibrio cholerae, ompW gene, ctxA gene, and Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR).

XANTHINE OXYDASE INHIBITION OF KOMBUCHA TEA IN HYPERURICEMIA INDUCED WISTAR RAT: decrease of uric acid, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine Sukrama, I Dewa Made
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Background: Hyperuricemia is a condition of high level of uric acid in the body due to distortion of purine nucleoside metabolism through hipoxanthin, xanthin, and guanin of basic purine. Objective: to find a cure of hyperuricemia base on the utilization of kombucha tea. Methods: This is a true experimental study by applying posttest only control group design to determine whether kombucha tea inhibit xanthine oxidase in hyperuricemic induced rat reveales by decrease of uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In this study, hyperuricemia rat was achieved by intake of high purine diet. Rats were fed with a mixture of 4 g/kg BW of Gnetum gnemon with 50 mL/kg BW of chicken liver ad libitum for 9 days. Treatments in this research are combination of fermentation time of Kombucha tea and volume of this tea, i.e fermentation time 4, 8, and 12 days and the volume are 1 mL and 4 mL. Therefore, there would be seven groups of treatment including control group. ANOVA was then applied to determine the treatment effect with p < 0.05 was concidered significant. Results: This study indicates that kombucha tea has an ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase in hyperuricemic induced rat and decrease uric acid, MDA, and 8-OHdG. This ability was achieved with combination treatment of 12 days fermentation and 4 mL of kombucha intake. Xanthine oxidase, uric acid, MDA, and 8-OHdG levels by this treatment were obtained significantly lower compare to control group. Conclusion: This study proved that kombucha tea was potent to cure hyperuricemia of wistar rat via inhibition of xanthine oxidase produced.

Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) Antihyperuricemia Effect Decreases Oxidative Stress by Reducing the Level of MDA and Increase Blood SOD Levels of Hyperuricemia Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sumarya, I M.; Adiputra, N.; Sukrama, I D. M.; Manuaba, Ida Bagus Putra
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 5 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Background: Betel leaf extracts (Piper betle L.) antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitors of XO. Hyperuricemia cause oxidative stress by increasing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause lipid peroxidation and oxygenation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the betel leaf extract as an anti hyperuricemia that can lower the blood uric acid levels and oxidative stress by lowering the levels of MDA and increase the SOD of hyperuricemia of the rat’s blood. Method: Experimental research was conducted with the design of The Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design, on normal Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), administered with oxonic potassium (hyperuricemia) and the hyperuricemia rats either given betel leaf extract and allopurinol. After the experiment of uric acid levels, MDA and SOD in rat blood determined. Results: The results showed that the betel leaf extract significantly (p <0.05) lower uric acid levels, MDA and increase levels of SOD in rat blood. There is a positive correlation between the levels of uric acid with MDA levels and a negative correlation, although not significantly with SOD (p >0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the betel leaf extract as an anti-hyperuricemia can lower the uric acid levels and decreases oxidative stress by lowering the levels of MDA and increasing the SOD.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA CONTINUOUS BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK WITH ULTRASONOGRAPHY GUIDANCE A., Senapathi T. G.; M., Wiryana; P., Astawa; M., Astawa N.; S., Maliawan; M., Bakta; T., Suryadi N.; M., Sukrama D.; D., Satoto; B., Mahadewa T. G.; Ekaputra, Ekaputra; A., W.
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Background: Regional anesthesia has an anti-inflammatory effect that blockade the C-fiber hence reduced cytokine production and blocked the activity of the sympathetic nerve fibers. Postoperative pain caused primarily by tissue inflammation and activity of the C-fibers in the manner of reduced the production of cytokines, regional anesthesia may limit the inflammatory response after surgery and severity of postoperative pain. Methods: This study is a clinical experimental study with randomized pre and post test control group design. A total of 24 samples were recruited in this study divided into two groups each consisting of 12 samples. The first group was given regional anesthesia method of continuous brachial plexus block with ultrasound guidance and the second group with general anesthesia method. T-test or Mann Whitney continued multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the differences in treatment and not because of differences in the initial values with significance level of p

Inhibition of Bifidobacterium Cell Wall 51.74 kDa Adhesin Isolated from Infants Feces Towards Adhesion of Enteric Phatogen E. Coli on Enterocyte Balb/C Mice Sukrama, I D. M.
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume 1, Number 1, January-April 2012
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Objectives: To determine 51.74 kDa adhesin of Bifidobacterium sp cell wall isolated from infants feces as an anti adhesion of E. coli on enterocyte mice. Methods: Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design was employed to investigate adherence ability of this adhesin towards E.coli adhesion on mice entherocyte. Results: In this research, it was obtained, that the 51.74 kDa adhesin cell wall of Bifidobacterium sp has an ability to inhibit adhesion of E. coli on mice enterocyte. The ability was increased as an increase of adhsein concentration. Conclusions: that can be drawn from this research is the finding of 51.74 kDa adhesin cell wall of Bifidobacterium sp isolated from infants feces that can inhibit adhseion of E. coli on mice enterocyte. Future work that can be carried out are further researches concerning whether these protein can be applied to inhibit adherence of other pathogen bacteria.

Application Anti Microbial Activity Test and Direct Inoculation of Urinary Specimen Test to Increase the Quality of Results and Decrease the Production Cost in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Sanglah General Hospital Hospital, Bali-Indonesia Sri-Budayanti, N.; Sukrama, I. D. M.; Aditarini, M.; Sukardika, I. K.; Suata, I.K.
BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL Volume 1, Number 2, May-August 2012
Publisher : BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in general practice and in hospitals. Fast and accurate urine culture and sensitivity test are needed for adequate therapy. Anti Microbial Activity test (AMA test) that is used to detect the presence of antibiotics in urine specimens is not commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. Some laboratories are still using indirect inoculation technique using enriched media before inoculating onto the agar media. The aim of this research is to compare results of urinary examination of direct inoculation technique with AMA test with indirect inoculation technique without AMA test. Methods: A number of 210 urine specimens were collected in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Sanglah General Hospital within a time period between 16 June until 16 July 2009. Results: Antibiotics were detected in 40% of the urinary specimens; whereas 48.1% showed no evidence of UTI, that is negative AMA test and sterile urinary culture or colony growth < 105 CFU/ml. Only 11.9% of the specimens indicates urinary tract infections. The examination can be completed within 2-3 days which is shorter than indirect inoculation test which require 5-7 days. Direct inoculation technique can reduce the cost of production three-fold the costs require for an indirect inoculation test. Conclusions: Application of AMA test and direct inoculation technique can give results more rapidly, reliable and useful for clinicians. This also decrease the laboratory’s cost of production.

INHIBITION OF BIFIDOBACTERIUM sp ISOLATED FROM INFANTS FECES TOWARDS ADHESION OF SALMONELLA TYPHI ON BALB/c MICE ENTEROCYTE Sukrama, I D. M.; Sukardika, K.; -, Sumarno; Mantik Astawa, N.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Udayana University

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Diarrhea, up to the recent year remains a cause of high morbidity and mortalityworldwide, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Research concerning ofmanagement, prevention, and medication of the disease have been continually improved. Theaim of this research is searching Bifidobacterium sp isolated from infants feces. ThisBifidobacterium was then applied as an anti-adhesion of Salmonella typhi in the hope to gain acure of diarrhea. This research employed two research designs, namely descriptive explorationand true experimental. Exploration was applied in order to obtain isolation and characterizationof Bifidobacterium isolated from infants feces. Adherence ability of this Bifidobacterium sptowards Salmonella typhi adhesion on mice entherocyte was then carried out by applyingRandomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design. In this research, average Bifidobacterium spadhesion index of 1950 on entherocyte was obtained. In simple word, there are 19.5Bifidobacteria adhere to any single entherocyte cell. This adhesion index value is highercompare to Salmonella typhi adhesion of 1504. Conclusions that can be drawn from this researchare the finding of Bifidobacterium sp isolated from infants feces. This Bifidobacterium sp has anability to inhibit adhesion of Salmonella typhi on BALB/c mice enterocyte. Future work that canbe carried out are further researches concerning whether these bacteria have an ability to inhibitadherence of other pathogen bacteria. More over, searching of cell wall adhesin ofBifidobacterium sp that can be used as a replacement of life probiotic bacteria is also a greatinterest of research to be carried out.

Optimasi Duplex PCR untuk Deteksi Simultan Gen Penyandi Faktor Virulensi ompW dan ctxA Vibrio cholerae Praja, Rian Ka; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Fatmawati, Ni Nengah Dwi; Hidayati, Wahyu
Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Vol 5 (5) 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University

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Vibrio cholerae merupakan salah satu agen foodborne disease yang dapat ditularkan melalui seafood. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimasi gen penyandi faktor virulensi outer membrane protein W (ompW) dan cholerae toxin subunit A (ctxA) menggunakan teknik Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR). Dua bakteri V. cholerae O1 serotipe Ogawa dan Inaba digunakan pada penelitian ini. Proses isolasi DNA dilakukan menggunakan metode Boil Cell Extraction (BCE). dPCR dilakukan menggunakan dua pasang primer (forward dan reverse) ompW-F, ompW-R dan ctxA-F, ctxA-R dengan panjang produk masing-masing 588 bp dan 302 bp. Tahap optimasi yang dilakukan dalam proses dPCR ini meliputi variasi suhu annealing, variasi konsentrasi primer serta variasi volume DNA template kemudian deteksi produk dPCR dilakukan dengan elektroforesis pada gel agarosa 1,5% dan divisualisasi menggunakan alat Gel DocTM XR (Bio-Rad). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi reaksi dPCR yang terbaik untuk mendeteksi gen ompW dan ctxA secara simultan terdiri dari PCR mix (Promega) 12,5 ?L, primer ompW-F, ompW-R 0,5 ?M, primer ctxA-F, ctxA-R 0,3 ?M, nuclease free water 6,5 ?L dan DNA template 2 ?L sehingga volume total menjadi 25 ?L. Kondisi mesin PCR terdiri dari pre-denaturasi 95oC selama 2 menit (1 siklus) diikuti oleh denaturasi 95oC selama 1 menit, annealing 53oC selama 1 menit, extension 72oC selama 1 menit (35 siklus), dan post-extension 72oC selama 5 menit (1 siklus). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dPCR dapat digunakan untuk deteksi simultan gen penyandi faktor virulensi ompW dan ctxA V. cholerae.

PENINGKATAN SEL OSTEOBLAST MANDIBULA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN FERMENTASI TEH KOMBUCHA Sardi, Ni Wayan Arni; Sukrama, I Dewa Made; Satriyasa, Bagus Komang
Interdental: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 14 No 2 (2018): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Mahasaraswati Denpasar University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v14i2.376

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells to grow and play a role in regulation of bone metabolism, including alveolar bone. Imbalance of osteoblasts number in bone formation may lead loss of bone mass, which is causes osteoporosis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is an oxidant that take important roles in osteoclast activation, osteoclastogenesis and activation of osteoblasts inhibition. Kombucha tea has antioxidant effects. This study was conducted to determine Kombucha tea fermented on 14 days make the osteoblasts in the mandibular bone of male wistar rat more numerous.This research was a purely experimental method with Randomized Post Test Control Group Design. Subjects consisted of ten of three â€“ month male wistar rats were divided into 2 groups. Control group received aquadest for 30 days, on the other hand the treatment group were treated by 8 ml of Kombucha tea for 30 days. On the 31st day, rats were euthanized for tissue sampling and histological preparation of mandibular bone and subjected for HE staining. The test results based on comparison between the control group and treatment group with independent t-test showed that there were significant differences in osteoblasts number in mandibular bone of wistar rats (p<0.05). Kombucha tea contain epicatechin gallate (ECG) that stimulate osteoblasts differentiation and inhibit induction of Receptor Activator Of Nuclear Factor-ÎºB Ligand (RANKL). Further more, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavin (TF) detoxify molecules of ROS and enhance osteoblastogenesis. This study concluded that administration of Kombucha tea fermented on 14 days make osteoblasts in the mandibular bone of wistar rat more numerous.

Co-Authors AA. Raka Karsana Adinda Putra Pradhana Amin, Yusuf Sidang Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma Anggita Ratri Pusporini Astawa N. M., Astawa N. Astawa P., Astawa Bagus Komang Satriyasa Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Darren Junior Dennis Yulianto Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi Dewa Ayu Fony Prema Shanti Dewa Ayu Putu Rasmika Dewi Dewa Gede Agung Widyadnyana Dewa Ngurah Suprapta Dewa Putu Satria Juristiasa Dewi Anggraini Dik Megaputri Handayani Ekaputra Ekaputra, Ekaputra Ema Surya Pertiwi Gema Zakharian Hendrawan, Gresya Hervina Hervina I D.P. Kartika Pratiwi I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi I Dewa Gde Mayun Permana I Gede Purna Weisnawa I Gusti Agung Ayu Anjani Kartika Dewi I Gusti Agung Dyah Ambarawati I Gusti Ayu Fienna Novianthi Sidiartha I Gusti Ayu Mas Putri Dharmayanti I Gusti Ngurah Kade Mahardika I Ketut Agus Somia I Ketut Suwiyoga I Komang Hotra Adiputra I M. Sumarya, I M. I Made Bakta I Made Gustama Heryawan I Made Jawi I Made Reza Pramudya I Made Sathya Vijayananda I Nengah Sujaya I NYOMAN MANTIK ASTAWA I Wayan Adi Pranata I Wayan Arya Biantara I Wayan Muda Suta Arta I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Suardana I Wayan Suranadi I. K. Sukardika I.K. Suata Ichlazul Ma’ruf Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra Dwija Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Ida Sri Iswari Jerry K. Sukardika Kadek Diana Harmayani Kadek Tresna Yuwana Ketut Suryana Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati KOMANG AYU NOCIANITRI Komang Ayu Witarini Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih Luh Wayan Ayu Rahaswanti Made Agus Dwianthara Sueta Made Agus Hendrayana Mantik AN Mia Ayustina Prasetya N. Adiputra Ni Kadek Fiora Rena Pertiwi Ni Kadek Lyming Lestari Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari Ni Made Adi Tarini Ni Made Ayu Aryati Dinarini Ni Made Susilawathi Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati Ni Nyoman Puspawati Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Ni Wayan Arni Sardi NYOMAN SEMADI ANTARA Pramitasuri, Tjokorda Istri Putra, I Dw. Gd. Bayu Artha Pratama Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra Putu Aprilyana Eka Astuti Putu Bagus Redika Janasuta Putu Kintan Wulandari Putu Wiswananta Parama Raka-Sudewi A. A. Reny Rosalina Rian Ka Praja Rudi Wisaksana Saranova, Hilda Saraswati P. Yogita Satoto D., Satoto Sherly Yunita Sieny Veronica Sonia Elvira Salim Sri Maliawan Steffano Aditya Handoko SUMARNO Suryadi N. T., Suryadi N. Susilawathi, Ni Made Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa W. A., W. Wahyu Hidayati Wayan Redi Aryanta Wibisana, I Dewa Nyoman Adi Ningrat Winatha, I Gde Pangestu Putrama Wira Guna, I Gede Bhima Wiryana M., Wiryana Yan Ramona

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