Galih Ardin
The National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)

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Estimasi Dampak Fiskal Penggunaan NIK Sebagai NPWP: Sebuah Studi Empiris Galih Ardin
Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN) Vol 4 No 1S (2022): Sigap Hadapi Tantangan, Tangguh Kawal Pemulihan
Publisher : Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31092/jpkn.v4i1S.1908

Abstract

One of the important points regulated in the Law on Harmonization of Tax Regulations is the use of the National Identity Number (NIN) as the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). Logically, this policy will multiply the number of taxpayers and tax revenues. However, the uncertainty of macro-economic conditions as a result of global economic shocks and the recovery process from the COVID-19 pandemic makes the impact resulting from the integration of NIN and TIN difficult to predict. By employing the Okun's Law and the Phillips Curve approach, this study attempts to estimate the fiscal impact of this policy. This study found that the use of NIN as a TIN will increase the number of registered taxpayers by 1.3 million to 12.74 million taxpayers during the first to five year after the implementation of the policy. In addition, this study also found that this policy will enlarge the fiscal capacity especially from the Income Tax Article 21 by 52.35% to 123.06% annum. Salah satu poin penting yang diatur dalam Undang – undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan adalah penggunaan Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK) sebagai Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP). Secara logis, penggunaan NIK sebagai NPWP akan meningkatkan jumlah Wajib Pajak dan penerimaan pajak secara berkali lipat. Namun demikian, ketidakpastian kondisi makro-ekonomi sebagai akibat guncangan ekonomi global dan proses pemulihan dari pandemi covid-19 membuat dampak yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan NIK sebagai NPWP menjadi sulit untuk diprediksi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Hukum Okun dan Kurva Phillips, penelitian ini berusaha mengestimasikan dampak fiskal kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penggunaan NIK sebagai NPWP akan meningkatkan jumlah Wajib Pajak sebesar 1,3 juta sampai dengan 12,74 juta Wajib Pajak pada tahun pertama hingga tahun kelima setelah kebijakan tersebut diimplementasikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa integrasi NIK dengan NPWP akan meningkatkan kapasitas fiskal dari sisi setoran PPh Pasal 21 sebesar 52,35% sampai dengan 123,06% per tahun. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan data dan metode yang lebih komprehensif dalam mengevaluasi penggunaan NIK sebagai NPWP.
Okun's law, Phillips curve and its effect on the growth of Income Tax Article 21 payments during Covid-19 pandemic Galih Ardin
Scientax: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Perpajakan Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): April: Taxes are the Epicentrum of Growth
Publisher : Directorate General of Taxes

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52869/st.v4i2.426

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the macroeconomics indicators not only in Indonesia but also in other countries in the world. Restrictions on social activities, lockdowns, a decline in aggregate demand and supply as well as a drop in export and import activities have triggered a decrease in economic growth, increase unemployment rate, and stagnation of inflation rates leading to deflation. Logically, the turmoil in macroeconomic indicators will affect tax revenues, especially Article 21 Income Tax. Through the Okun’s law and Phillips curve approach, this research tries to examine the relationship between unemployment rates, economic growth, and inflation rates during the pandemic on income tax payments Article 21. Based on the examination using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, it founds that the unemployment rate does not have a significant effect on economic growth and inflation rates in Indonesia. In addition, economic growth also does not affect the payment of Income Tax Article 21. However, there is an interesting finding where the inflation rate has a positive effect on the payment of Income Tax Article 21 in Indonesia.