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MacDonald Idu
University of Benin
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Spermicidal, Antifertility and Contraceptive Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Extract in Female and Male Wistar Rats MacDonald Idu; Sharon Ogedegbe-George; Precious Eromosele Oriarewo; Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.79-88

Abstract

This study investigates the spermicidal and contraceptive effect of Azadirachta indica seed aqueous extract in male and female Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6), graded doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) of the extract. They were exposed to female rats in a ratio of 2:1 after 24 hours, 7, and 14 days of administration. The spermicidal properties were evaluated. The female contraceptive study involved 14 days of pre-coital and post-coital administration of the neem seed extract, and contraceptive indexes were investigated. The results obtained from the spermicidal activity showed a significant decrease in male hormonal levels at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of A. indica (0.73, 0.50, and 1.08 ng/ml); and the sperm cells (102.5, 111.5, and 97 counts) after 24 hours. Administration and mating, compared to the control. Also, the histopathology of the testes showed normal testicles. The contraceptive study elicited a significant decrease in estrogen (1.46 ng/ml), luteinizing hormone (0.094 mg/dl) and progesterone (1.82 ng/ml), at 5 mg/kg in day 14 post-coital study compared with the control. The histopathology of the treated uterus had no deteriorating effect compared with the control. The extract elicited spermicidal and contraceptive potential at a reduced dose, validating its folklore claim.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant Screening, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) Root Ethanol Extract Using Animal Model MacDonald Idu; Anthonia Omoregbee; Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.143-150

Abstract

This study investigated the biological activities and phytochemical screening of Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. Standard procures were used to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity, antipyretic activity in bakers yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, analgesic property (hotplate and acetic acid-induced in mice), acute antiinflammation (carrageenan-induce in rats) and chronic arthritis (formalininduced in rats) on Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. The phytochemical results revealed the presence of phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannin, saponin. The extract had a significant reduction in the body temperature in graded doses and 100 mg/kg paracetamol at 60 minutes when compared with the control, but 400 mg/kg was more effective (p<0.01). Morphine and plant extract showed a slight significant analgesic property at 0 and 30 minute compared to the control. The extract at 100 mg/kg elicited a significant increase at 60 and 90 minutes compared with the control, and it is comparable to 5 mg/kg morphine. The plant extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aspirin (100mg/kg) shows significant analgesic properties compared to control (p<0.01) but 200 mg/kg of extract revealed highest percentage inhibition. The extract produced no significant reduction on carrageenan induced inflammatory at all dose level compared to control (p>0.05). The plant extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (1 mg/kg) reduced paw volume across the doses from day 4 compared to the control (p<0.01). The Boswellia dalzielii root extract is a promising antiinflammatory agent, it also possesses antipyretics, and analgesics effect validating the folklore claim.
Immunoprotective Effect of Cocos nucifera Oil on Sheep Red Blood Cell-Induced Immunocompromised Rats MacDonald Idu; Igori Debby; Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.159-169

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the immunoprotective effects of cold-pressed coconut oil in immunocompromised rat. Standard procedure was used to perform this research work with a modified method. The effect of immunomodulatory properties of coconut oil was evaluated after challenging the animals with 0.3 ml sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) intraperitoneally and further treated with graded doses (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg i.p) of the oil extract for 21 days. The hematological, CD4, CD8 biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. Result obtained from this study showed a significant increase in hematological indexes (WBC: 11.70; LYM: 9.9 GRAN: 8.0 and HGB: 15.57) across the treated groups, but majorly at lowest dose (0.25 ml/kg). More so a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 Count specifically at 0.25 ml/kg (7.763 and 7.830). Anti-oxidant property of the oil extract at 0.25 ml/kg had a significant reduction in malondialdehyde with an increased in antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) when compared with untreated control. The body weight of the animals in the treated groups showed a significant increase at 0.25 ml/kg of the oil extract when compared with the untreated control. Liver function test (ALT, AST and ALP) showed no significant increase in the treatment groups when compared with the controls. The histopathological result reveals a normal physiological structure of the heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidney in lowest dose of the oil extract. In conclusion, this study validated the ethnomedicinal property of the plant.
Co-Authors Anthonia Omoregbee Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel Igori Debby Precious Eromosele Oriarewo Sharon Ogedegbe-George