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Relationship between Nutritional Status and Urinary Tract Infection in Children Siti F. Hidayati; Valentine Umboh; Shekina H. E. Rondonuwu
e-CliniC Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v10i2.37830

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common urinary tract diseases in children of all ages. Risk factors for UTI include age, sex, poor nutrition/nutritional status, uncircumcised boys, personal hygiene, urinary emptying dysfunction, and genitourinary tract abnormalities. It is already known that infection can worsen the nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and UTI in children, the incidence of UTI in children with under nutrition, poor nutrition, and over nutrition, and to compare the incidence of UTI in children with normal nutrition, undernutrition, poor nutrition, and over nutrition. This was a literature review study. The results showed that nutritional status and UTI had a significant relationship. Malnutrition or over nutrition could increase the incidence of UTI. Differences in the incidence of UTI in 12 articles were caused by a variety of factors, such as numbers of boys and girls in the studies, age, environment, and the ways to collect urine samples. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of UTI. Poor nutritional status especially malnutrition and over nutrition could increase the incidence of UTI.Keywords: urinary tract infection (UTI); nutritional status; malnutrition; obesityÂ Abstrak: Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan salah satu penyakit saluran kemih yang sering terjadi pada anak dalam semua usia. Faktor risiko ISK antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, gizi buruk/status gizi, anak laki-laki yang belum disirkumsisi, kebersihan diri, disfungsi pengosongan urin, dan abnormalitas saluran genitourinaria. Telah diketahui bahwa infeksi dapat memperburuk status gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara status gizi dan ISK pada anak, angka kejadian ISK pada anak dengan gizi kurang, gizi buruk, dan gizi lebih, serta mengetahui perbandingan kejadian ISK pada anak dengan gizi normal, gizi kurang, gizi buruk, dan gizi lebih. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dan ISK. Malnutrisi maupun gizi lebih dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian ISK. Perbedaan kejadian ISK pada 12 literatur yang diteliti disebabkan karena berbagai faktor, seperti rasio jumlah anak laki-laki dan perempuan dalam penelitian, umur, lingkungan tempat tinggal, dan cara pengambilan sampel urin. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi dan kejadian ISK. Status gizi kurang terutama malnutrisi maupun gizi lebih dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian ISK.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kemih (ISK); status gizi; malnutrisi; obesitasÂ

Gambaran Klinik dan Laboratorium Glomerulonefritis Akut Pasca Streptokokus pada Anak Mumtaza A. Azmiyatie; Adrian Umboh; Valentine umboh
e-CliniC Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v12i1.45235

Abstract: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the most common form of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) that often occurs in children caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. This disease is a common cause of child morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. APSGN has a typical clinical features such as nephritic symptoms and the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests. This study aimed to determine the clinical features and laboratory findings of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children. This was a literature review study with journal searching using two databases, namely Google Scholar and Pubmed. The results obtained 14 research articles related to clinical features and laboratory findings in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. From the 14 research articles, it is concluded that the most frequent clinical features found in this study were edema, hypertension, hematuria, and oliguria, and the laboratory tests that were most frequently performed and found were an increase in ASTO or positive ASTO, microscopic hematuria, and a decrease in C3 levels. Keywords: group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus; acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis; antistreptolysin O; C3 complement; pediatric patients Abstrak: Glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus (GNAPS) merupakan bentuk paling umum dari glomerulonefrtis akut (GNA) yang sering terjadi pada anak yang terinfeksi group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Penyakit ini menjadi penyebab umum morbiditas dan mortalitas anak di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. GNAPS memiliki gambaran klinik yang khas seperti gejala nefritik, dan diagnosis ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinik dan laboratorium glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian jurnal dilakukan menggunakan dua database, yaitu Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 14 artikel jurnal yang memiliki data mengenai gambaran klinis dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium pada anak dengan GNAPS. Simpulan dari ke-14 artikel jurnal tersebut ialah gambaran manifestasi klinis yang paling sering ditemukan ialah edema, hipertensi, hematuria, dan oliguria. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang paling banyak dilakukan dan ditemukan ialah peningkatan ASTO atau ASTO positif, ditemukannya hematuria mikroskopik, dan penurunan kadar C3 Kata kunci: group A β-hemolytic streptococcus; glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus; antistreptolisin O; komplemen C3; pasien anak

Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Anak: Faktor Risiko dan Tatalaksana Terkini Virgin V. A. Karundeng; Valentine Umboh; Rocky Wilar
e-CliniC Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): e-CliniC
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ecl.v12i1.45368

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an acute drop in renal function and is determined by creatinine serum and urine output. Several studies conclude that the risk factors of AKI in children are differentiated according to its etiology.The management of AKI as recommended by KDIGO is according to the stadium. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and the current management of AKI in children. This was a literature review study conducted by searching literatures from Pubmed and Google Scholar. The results obtained 17 literatures related to the topic. The most common pre-renal and renal risk factors were sepsis and nephrotoxic medications respectively. Sepsis, shock, and gastroenteritis were found significantly related to the stadium of AKI in children. Current management of AKI in children was the use of dextrose in normal saline mixed with 3% of diluted Nacl to correct hypernatremic dehydration; the use of peritoneal dialysis for infant below 5 y.o, and the use of CARPEDIEM as the new CRRT for children <5kg; the use of caffeine citrate for neonates to prevent AKI. In conclusion, the most common risk factor according to the etiology of AKI in children is sepsis. The current managements are to correct AKI according to its etiology and stadium and to prevent AKI occurence in high-risk neonates. Keywords: acute kidney injury; risk factors; current management; children Abstrak: Gangguan ginjal akut (GnGA) didefinisikan sebagai penurunan fungsi ginjal mendadak yang ditentukan oleh serum kreatinin dan output urin. Beberapa penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko GnGA pada anak dibedakan berdasarkan etiologinya, dan tatalaksana GnGA yang direkomendasikan oleh KDIGO disesuaikan dengan stadiumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dan tatalaksana terkini GnGA pada anak melalui suatu literature review. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 17 literatur dari Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Faktor risiko pra-renal dan renal dari GnGA pada anak ialah sepsis dan penggunaan obat nefrotoksik secara berurut. Sepsis, syok, dan gastroenteritis berhubungan dengan stadium GnGA pada anak. Terapi terkini GnGA pada anak ialah penggunaan dekstrosa dalam normal salin yang dicampur diluted Nacl 3%, untuk memperbaiki dehidrasi hipernatremik; penggunaan peritoneal dialisis untuk bayi <5 tahun dan penggunaan CARPEDIEM sebagai CRRT untuk bayi <5kg; penggunaan kafein sitrat dapat mencegah GnGA pada neonatus. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor risiko yang paling umum berdasarkan etiologi GnGA pada anak ialah sepsis. Terapi terkini ialah mengoreksi GnGA menurut etiologi dan stadiumnya serta mencegah terjadinya GnGA pada neonatus yang berisiko tinggi. Kata kunci: gangguan ginjal akut; faktor risiko; tatalaksana terkini; anak

Gambaran Fungsi Ginjal pada Anak Penderita Diare dengan Dehidrasi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Putri F. Ibrahim; Valentine Umboh; Jeanette I. C. Manoppo
Medical Scope Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): Medical Scope Journal
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/msj.v6i2.53577

Abstract: Diarrhea associated with dehydration can cause decreased tissue perfusion and circulating volume, thus inhibiting kidney function characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in metabolic waste. This study aimed to determine the description of kidney function in children with diarrhea and dehydration at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were children with diarrhea and dehydration hospitalized at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023. The results obtained 120 patients predominantly between the ages of 1 month -<1 year (50.0%), male (59.2%), and had mild to moderate dehydration (78.3%). Kidney function features showed normal serum ureum and serum creatinine in most samples by 89% and 91%, respectively, while GFR decreased in less than half of the samples by 49.2%. Increased serum ureum, serum creatinine, and decreased GFR were most common in severely dehydrated children by 69.2%, 73.1%, and 84.6%, respectively. In conclusion, diarrheal children with dehydration had normal serum ureum and serum creatinine levels, and decreased GFR. Increased serum ureum, serum creatinine, and decreased GFR were most common in diarrheal children with severe dehydration. Keywords: diarrhea; dehydration; children; serum ureum; serum creatinine; glomerular filtration rate Abstrak: Diare yang disertai dehidrasi dapat menyebabkan penurunan perfusi jaringan dan volume sirkulasi sehingga menghambat fungsi ginjal yang ditandai dengan penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) dan peningkatan limbah metabolisme di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi ginjal pada pasien anak penderita diare dengan dehidrasi di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu pasien anak diare dengan dehidrasi yang dirawat inap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode 1 Juli 2020–30 Juni 2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 120 pasien anak diare dehidrasi didominasi usia 1 bulan -<1 tahun (50,0%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (59,2%), dan dehidrasi ringan-sedang (78,3%). Gambaran fungsi ginjal pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi memperlihatkan ureum serum dan kreatinin serum normal pada sebagian besar sampel (89% dan 91%), sedangkan LFG menurun pada kurang dari setengah sampel (49,2%). Peningkatan ureum serum, kreatinin serum, serta penurunan LFG paling sering pada anak dengan dehidrasi berat (69,2%, 73,1%, dan 84,6%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi, kadar ureum serum dan kreatinin serum didapatkan normal, sedangkan LFG menurun. Peningkatan ureum serum, kreatinin serum, dan penurunan LFG pada anak diare dengan dehidrasi paling sering pada derajat dehidrasi berat. Kata kunci: diare; dehidrasi; anak; ureum serum; kreatinin serum; laju filtrasi glomerulus

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