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All Journal Jurnal Tirtayasa Ekonomika (Tirtayasa Economica Journal) JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Rizky Maulana
IPB University
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Causal Relationship between Inflation and Unemployment in Indonesia 1986-2018: A Phillips Curve Analysis Rizky Maulana; Gerry Ganika
Tirtayasa Ekonomika Vol 17, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : FEB Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35448/jte.v17i1.13585

Abstract

Inflation and unemployment are closely watched indicators in the economy of a country. The consumers in a goods market are willing to get the goods and services at a relatively lower price, or in other words, they expect a low inflation rate. However, if the inflation rate is low, the incentive of producers to produce more is low, and employment will not happen. Therefore, there are trade-off between inflation and unemployment. This phenomenon is called the Phillips curve. This  study  aims  to  analyze the causal relationship  between  inflation  and  unemployment in Indonesia. We use inflation rate and open unemployment rate from 1986-2018 collected from Statistics Indonesia (bps.go.id). We employed the Granger causality method and found that there is no causal relationship, either one-way or two-way, between inflation and unemployment. Further, we analyzed using simple linear regression and found that inflation significantly affects unemployment and vice-versa.
Higher Education Fiscal Allocation Gaps in Indonesia: A Comparison between State Universities and Civil Service Universities Rizky Maulana; Dominicus Savio Priyarsono; Wiwiek Rindayati; Alla Asmara
JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jepk.v14n1.p97-116

Abstract

Objective: Higher education in Indonesia faces the challenge of dual governance, leading to unequal allocation of state resources between the Ministry of Education and various ministries. The main problem arises when the limited national education budget is disproportionately absorbed by civil service institutions, while students at state universities face the pressure of rising tuition fees. Method: This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach in a policy analysis framework to evaluate budget allocations between State Universities (PTN) and Civil Service Universities (PTK). The analysis focuses on calculating unit cost disparities and assessing the impact of dual governance on fiscal equity. Results: The findings indicate a disparity in asymmetric fiscal support, with the average unit cost per student at Civil Service Universities (PTK) reaching Rp26,56 million per year, 1,78 times that at State Universities (PTN) at Rp14,88 million. This inequality is exacerbated by institutional redundancy, including the establishment of general study programs at PTK identical to those at State Universities (PTN), as well as the provision of comprehensive facilities that cover both tuition fees and living expenses exclusively for PTK students. The analysis shows that this budgeting system fails to meet the principles of distributive justice, as the large allocation to PTK does not provide broad benefits to the groups most in need of support, namely state university students burdened by rising UKT (tuition fees).  Novelty: This study recommends reintegrating PTK governance into the ministry responsible for education, allowing the other technical ministry to focus on its core governmental functions. National cost standardization is urgently needed to eliminate casteism in the higher education system and ensure a more inclusive distribution of budget resources for all.
Co-Authors Alla Asmara Dominicus Savio Priyarsono Ganika, Gerry Wiwiek Rindayati