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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY
Rima Rachmayani
Bandung Institute of Technology
Earth & Planetary Sciences

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First-order analyses on the role of surface wind in the long-term contraction of the Indo-Pacific warm pool Andreas Siswandi; Yudha Setiawan Djamil; Rima Rachmayani; Sri Yudawati Cahyarini; Marfasran Hendrizan
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 54, No 3 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.75502

Abstract

Due to its high evaporation rate, the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is one of the most important drivers of Indonesian weather and climate. Previous studies, based on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) proxy records, suggest that IPWP in the mid-Holocene era (~6000 years ago) underwent a contraction (colder on its east-west perimeter and warmer on its center) compared to today’s condition. In this research, the role of surface wind in contracting the IPWP was analyzed by checking the coherency between changes in SST, wind-stress magnitude, and evaporation. The Climate Community System Model version 4 (CCSM4) simulated these three physical quantities under the pre-Industrial and mid-Holocene scenarios. In these simulations, an anti-phase relation between SST and wind-stress magnitude indicates an important role for a weaker surface wind in warming the SST in the center of the IPWP (South China Sea and Banda Sea), mainly during boreal autumn. However, a weaker surface wind did not seem to have simultaneously suppressed ocean evaporation to warm the SST, as shown by the phase-lag relation in their monthly climatology. On the other hand, colder SSTs on the east-west perimeter of the IPWP (western coast of Sumatra and northern coast of Papua) are unlikely to be associated with changes in the surface wind following a weak correlation between their SST and wind-stress magnitude  
SURFACE OCEANOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY DURING THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM AND LATE HOLOCENE IN THE INDONESIAN MARITIME CONTINENT Daffa Zettira Mazdhania; Sandy Hardian Susanto Herho; Iwan Pramesti Anwar; Marfasran Hendrizan; Siti Nurzannah Kaban; Faruq Khadami; Rima Rachmayani; Sri Yudawati Cahyarini
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 41, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.41.1.2026.976

Abstract

This study provides a statistical characterization of surface oceanographic variability in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 23-19 ka) and Late Holocene (LH; 4-0 ka). Using the lgmDA v2.1 paleoclimate data assimilation product, we analyzed sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and seawater δ¹⁸O. Results indicate the LGM was significantly cooler, saltier, and isotopically enriched, with lower spatial heterogeneity compared to the LH. Comprehensive nonparametric testing confirmed these differences reflected fundamental changes in distributional properties, not merely mean-state shifts. The findings suggest a major oceanographic regime shift, likely driven by lower sea levels, a weakened Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), enhanced stratification, and a drier regional climate during the LGM. This work offers a statistical framework for understanding IMC sensitivity to glacial-interglacial forcing.
Co-Authors Andreas Siswandi Daffa Zettira Mazdhania Faruq Khadami Iwan Pramesti Anwar Marfasran Hendrizan Marfasran Hendrizan Sandy Hardian Susanto Herho Siti Nurzannah Kaban Sri Yudawati Cahyarini Sri Yudawati Cahyarini Yudha Setiawan Djamil