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UPAYA IRAN BERGABUNG DENGAN SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO) Pramudya Pratama; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 9: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a multilateral organization formed in 2001 by the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. At the beginning of its establishment the SCO aimed to solve the problem of national boundaries between SCO member states. In its development, SCO has entered other fields, such as economics, politics, culture and technology. SCO is a young organization that has extraordinary potential, especially in the economic field. Iran is a middle eastern country rich in its natural resources, especially oil and gas. In its development, Iran often experiences ups and downs in its economy, this is due to the many sanctions imposed by western countries, especially the United States. Therefore, Iran during the Ahmadinejad era initiated a policy of "look to the east" which meant that Iran changed the direction of its country's cooperation to non-western countries. SCO is included in this policy agenda, this is because SCO is a non-western organization that has a myriad of potentials in both the economic and political fields. This study aims to explain how Iran's efforts to join the SCO. This research uses qualitative research methods and uses secondary data collected from various sources which the author will then describe simply and systematically in sentence form. The results of the study concluded that Iran made various attempts to become a member of the SCO. Iran has repeatedly received pushback from the SCO but in 2021 after several changes in Iran's stance on international relations, Iran's accession into the SCO was accepted after more than 15 years as an observer member. Keywords: SCO, Iran, Look to the East, efforts, Economy, Politics

KERJA SAMA PERTAHANAN INDONESIA – AMERIKA SERIKAT MELALUI PROGRAM FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS) Afrian Hidayat; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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Diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the US in the field of defense have been very volatile for a long time, both the closeness and depth of defense cooperation. Bilateral defense cooperation is carried out in the context of improving relations between the military and to increase the professionalism of the TNI and achieving the objectives of the Indonesian state defense such as maintaining national sovereignty and integrity. Indonesia's interest in establishing defense cooperation with the US is because most of the main weapons systems (alutsista) tools come from the US with the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program which aims to build a modern military.This study uses qualitative methods with data from library sources and secondary sources such as books, papers and materials from other open sources. This study uses the Liberalism Perspective, Level of Analysis of nation-states, and International Cooperation Theory.The results of this study are that the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Program has had a significant impact on increasing Indonesia's security capacity in the fields of terrorism prevention, maritime security, and increasing world peacekeeping operations personnel through purchasing defense equipment, increasing TNI professionals, and increasing military budgets. Defense cooperation between Indonesia and the US will be largely determined by regional security dynamics so Indonesia must develop innovative ideas in the regional area by involving large countries such as the United States. Keywords: Foreign Military Sales (FMS), Defense Diplomacy, Defense Cooperation

PERAN INTERNASIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) DALAM MENANGANI KORBAN KONFLIK BERSENJATA INTERNASIONAL DI AFGHANISTAN TAHUN 2016-2021 Febriana Putri Sari; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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This research analyzes how International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC) do their role to handle the victims of international armed conflict in Afghanistan that occurred in the periode of 2016 – 2021. This international armed conflict that happened in Afghansitan caused much victims from both of civilian and military sides. ICRC as an organization that engaged in the humanitarian field certainly can not remain silent about this situations that has claimed many lives as victims. As an unique international organization, ICRC take reaction to respond the situation that are considered as an emergency regarding humanity and human security based on humanitarian diplomacu concept, which is to protect the existence of every society and protect them from every forms of violence. This research uses qualitative method. Data collection techniques through literature studies sourced from several books, journal, articles and official websites. This research uses the pluralism prespective and the concept of humanitarian diplomacy. The results from this research showed that ICRC as an organization with humanity principles have did several roles that important to handled and protect the rights and security of every victims caused of international armed conflict in Afghanistan. These aids are in form of assistances for food needs, improvement of health facilities and medical personnel, rehabilitation facilities for people with disabilities, rebuild the economiy and also diplomatic assistances to solve the conflict and create peace. Keyword : international armed conflict, humanitarian diplomacy, ICRC

PANDANGAN ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) TERHADAP ANCAMAN TERORISME DI ASIA TENGGARA Rahil Lailatul Jannah; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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ASEAN is the organization that oversees the countries in the Southeast Asian region. ASEAN plays an important role in promoting regional peace and stability, one of the issues that threatens the security stability of countries in the Southeast Asian region, namely terrorism. The purpose of this study is to find out how ASEAN views the threat of terrorism in Southeast Asia with the establishment of the ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT). The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data sourced from books, journals and other literature. The results of the study showed that ASEAN views terrorism as a real threat to the regional security of Southeast Asia and makes the issue of terrorism a security agenda that must be eradicated so that regional security stability is well maintained, therefore ASEAN seeks to tackle terrorism by forming the ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT). Keywords: ASEAN, Terrorism, ASEAN Convention on Counter Terrorism (ACCT), Threat

MOTIF JEPANG DALAM TOKYO STRATEGY FOR MEKONG-JAPAN COOPERATION PADA TAHUN 2018-2020 Roza Nafsiah; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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This study analyzes the Japanese Motives In The Tokyo Strategy For Japan-Mekong Cooperation In 2018-2020. The purpose of this study is to find out the bilateral relations between Japan and the Mekong, to find out what Japan's motives are for collaborating in the Tokyo Strategy for Mekong-Japan Cooperation. Then be able to contribute in the form of views to readers regarding cooperation in the Tokyo Strategy for Mekong Japan Cooperation in 2018-2020. This study uses qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through literature studies sourced from several books, journals, articles and internet sites. This study uses the perspective of Liberalism and Foreign Aid Theory. The result of this research is that giving foreign aid by Japan to the Mekong countries through ODA not only as a form of assistance to developing regions, but also for meet Japanese interests. As for the motive for the assistance given, namely, humanitarian motives in the Mekong region by reducing poverty. Economic motives by increasing trade, investment, and export, The identity motive as evidenced by Japan being the country that provides the largest and most consistent foreign aid to the Mekong. And finally, the environmental motive, which is evident from the many environmental programs carried out by Japan on the Mekong. This is considered reasonable considering that Japan is a country that is concerned about global environmental issues. Where Japan is involved in many forums that discuss global environmental issues. Keywords: Motive Japan, Tokyo Strategy, Mekong-Japan Cooperation.

TINDAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MERESPON PERUBAHAN KUOTA HAJI ARAB SAUDI TERHADAP JAMA’AH HAJI INDONESIA Syahidah Fadla; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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ABSTRACT The policy of the Government of Saudi Arabia in determining the number of quotas for Indonesian hajj in the 2010-2018 period prompted a response from the Government of Indonesia in various ways. This is even more interesting because determining the number of haj quotas will add to the length of the waiting list for Indonesian pilgrims and will occupy the longest waiting list in the world. This research shows the various actions and efforts of the Government of Indonesia in responding to the hajj quota. Actions and efforts made starting from the proposal to revise the provisions of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 1978 regarding the Hajj quota of 1:1000 of the total Muslim population in each country, increasing the quota through bilateral relations between the two countries either through the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian Parliament and the President Indonesia as well as the transfer of the remaining quota from various countries such as the Philippines, Singapore, Japan, Timor Leste, Thailand and Cambodia. With Indonesia's active participation in the OIC, it is hoped that it will be able to convince the Government of Saudi Arabia to provide an additional quota of up to 250 million to Indonesian pilgrims from the remaining haj quota from countries that are not fulfilled. Keywords: Hajj Quota, Indonesian Government's Response.

THE INTEREST OF PAKISTAN JOIN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (SCO) Rizky Kurniawan Pratama; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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This study aims to explain Pakistan's interest in joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Pakistan's entry into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is optimistically seen as a turning point in a changing geopolitical landscape and brings new opportunities for Pakistan. Full SCO membership provides an opportunity for Pakistan to cooperate and increase bilateral as well as multilateral trade. This research theoretically built using a neoliberalism perspective and supported by the theory of International Cooperation from KJ. Holsti. The formulation of all arguments, data, methods, and theoretical framework in this study uses a qualitative explanation. This study also uses the nation-state as its level of analysis. The result of this study indicates that SCO's importance to Pakistan based on the reality of Pakistan's goal as a potentially viable trade corridor with the landlocked countries of Central Asia and Xinjiang in the West China region. SCO is also a convergence of geo-economic interests between Pakistan and China which basically complement each other's geo-strategic interests. The idea of Pakistan as a trade and energy route stems from its vital geographic location. Given Pakistan's significant geographic location, it can be observed that Pakistan is the natural territory of the SCO cooperation structure and is ideally located to provide a link for regional economic integration within and between SCO member countries. Keywords: SCO, Gwadar Port, CARs, geo-strategic interests

PERAN INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) DALAM MENANGANI KRISIS KEMANUSIAAN DI SUDAN SELATAN TAHUN 2016-2019 Satri Syafira; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi I Januari - Juni 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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ABSTRACT This research analyzes how the ICRC's role in handling humanitarian crises that occurred due to civil conflict in South Sudan. The civil conflict occurred after South Sudan's independence in 2011, which then triggered the upheaval of armed conflict. This indicated a serious humanitarian crisis due to the conflict. Despite the establishment of a peace agreement in 2015, civil conflict still continues across the country targeting civilians. The ICRC as an organization engaged in the humanitarian field took a big part in handling the humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, until it formed the South Sudan Red Cross after its independence in 2011. The ICRC carries out its humanitarian mission through several programs which then have a significant impact in dealing with the humanitarian crisis there. This research uses a qualitative method, with data collection techniques through literature studies and document analysis from several books, journals, articles, annual reports, and websites with a group level of analysis. This research utilizes Constructivism perspective and Humanitarian Diplomacy theory. The results of this paper indicate that in handling the humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, the ICRC maintains stability and effectiveness in carrying out its humanitarian mission. This can be seen from the achievements made by the ICRC in the span of 2016-2019 which based on its annual report reached a high effective level. Keywords: Civil Conflict, Humanitarian Crisis, ICRC, Humanitarian Diplomacy.

PENANGANAN HAK PENGUNGSI OLEH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) DI INDONESIA (STUD KASUS KERJASAMA IOM DENGAN KOMUNITAS LOKAL DI PEKANBARU 2019-2021) Tyara Syalsabila; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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The issue of refugees has become a concern for several countries, one of which is Indonesia. Indonesia in dealing with refugee cases cannot be separated from the help of international organizations, one of which is IOM, this is because Indonesia does not yet have legal regulations that discuss the status of determining refugee citizenship. In assisting Indonesia, IOM has collaborated with sub-countries, namely the area that has become refugee shelters, one of which is Pekanbaru City. This collaboration is carried out so that the community and refugees can both understand and understand the presence of refugees in their city. Data were obtained from journals, official websites, books, and interviews by state agencies dealing with refugee issues and local communities in Pekanbaru City. For analysis techniques, researchers used qualitative research with primary data converted into descriptive. The author uses the theory of International Organizations which states that in carrying out its role International Organizations must fulfill several aspects. Based on research shows that IOM in working with Indonesia seems to be grow. This can be seen from state actors and sub-countries, namely regions can also cooperate with international organizations, namely IOM, in terms of fulfilling the right to skills guidance training can be carried out, even in carrying out regional cooperation with international organizations, the regions involve the local community, so that the local community also plays a role in country perspective where the legality of this social group is recommended by the state through its local government. So that finally the segments under the state actors develop to take cooperative actions with international organizations. With this cooperation it is seen that the rights of refugees can be fulfilled. Keywords: Refugees, International Organizations, Local Communities, IOM.

ANALISIS FAKTOR DETERMINAN KEMENANGAN TALIBAN ATAS AMERIKA SERIKAT DI AFGHANISTAN TAHUN 2021 Mely Oktaviani; Mhd. Saeri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol. 10: Edisi II Juli - Desember 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau

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20 years after being toppled in 2001, the Taliban managed to retake the Afghan government before the US troop withdrawal was complete. On August 15, 2021, the Taliban succeeded in overthrowing the government of Ashraf Ghani and taking over the government in a relatively short time. The victory of the Taliban over the US gave rise to different assumptions in the international community about the 'causes of the victory of the Taliban'. This study uses a qualitative methodology with descriptive-analytical techniques. While the data collection technique is library research, which comes from books, journals, and websites, The author divides it into three stages: data collection, data processing, and analysis of the data. The war between the US and the Taliban is an asymmetric war because there is a disparity in the status of actors (state actors and non-state actors), military strength, economic power, ideology, and structure. Even though the US was superior in terms of military and economic strength, the Taliban managed to survive and balance that power by using a guerrilla war strategy that cost the US 2 trillion USD in losses and thousands of troops. Furthermore, the Taliban took advantage of the vicious terrain, jihadist ideology, and decentralized structure. The victory of the Taliban is indeed opportunistic, which is opportunity meets preparedness. So the determinant factors that lead to victory in 2021 are because of the reduced US involvement in Afghanistan and the persistence of the Taliban. Keywords: Taliban, asymmetric warfare. Determinant Factor

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