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All Journal The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS) Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Journal of Coffee and Sustainability
Tunjung Mahatmanto
Universitas Brawijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Other

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Eco-friendly production of silica particles and fertilizer from rice husk, rice straw, and corncob wastes Rafiq Usdiqa Maulana; Sania Isma Yanti; Riyanti Zhafirah Makrudi; Tunjung Mahatmanto; Untung Murdiyatmo
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 5, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.02.3

Abstract

Agroindustrial wastes represent a rich and underutilized source of valuable minerals. Because the amount of biomass wastes generated by the agroindustry is increasing and the demand for sustainability is arising, there is a growing need for improving agroindustrial waste utilization and valorization. One of the major industrial interests has been obtaining silica from biomass wastes. The synthesis of silica from agroindustrial waste materials typically involves the use of high energy input for calcination or incineration and chemicals for extraction. To reduce energy consumption and chemical waste generation, we modified a sol-gel method to yield a by-product that can be used as a fertilizer. High purity silica was obtained from rice husk (95.1%), rice straw (91.4%), and corncob (95.9%). The silica particles were amorphous and white in color. The mean diameters of the silica particles obtained from rice husk, rice straw, and corncob were 72.4, 68.1, and 52.9 µm, respectively. The acid waste generated from the process was neutralized to yield potassium chloride. This by-product had mineral contents that could be used for inorganic fertilizer. In addition to supporting sustainability, the development of agroindustrial waste utilization methods is important for the establishment of inexpensive processes that are adaptable for large-scale manufacturing.
Optimization of Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Annealing Temperatures for the Detection of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus) Liver Martati, Erryana; Kirana, Pramudhia Khansa; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.02.01

Abstract

Free radicals exposure causes oxidative stress in the human body and leads to various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, and aging. The endogenous enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts directly to reduce free radicals, and thus, its levels in tissue organs represent an important biomarker for oxidative stress in humans. One of the most reliable methods for detecting SOD is real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Still, the annealing temperatures and their results can vary widely depending on the samples. This study aims to optimize the annealing temperature of RT-PCR to detect SOD levels in liver tissue from Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue of one healthy Wistar rat using a cell lysis reagent. Purified RNA was reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The RT-PCR annealing temperature was optimized for detecting the expression of SOD with GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) as a reference housekeeping gene. The optimum RT-PCR annealing temperature for detecting SOD was 50°C, and GAPDH was 60°C. The optimization of annealing temperatures in RT-PCR is essential to obtain single peak readouts (higher specificity) and lowest Ct values possible (higher sensitivity). Keywords: Annealing temperature, Free radicals, RT-PCR, Superoxide dismutase, Wistar rat liver.
Optimization Methods and Food Safety Consideration of Edible Film: A Mini Review Delima, Meita Putri; Widjanarko, Simon Bambang; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2025.015.01.01

Abstract

Conventional food packaging plastics harm the environment due to their non-biodegradability, resulting in the accumulation of microplastics. Edible films present an eco-friendly packaging alternative capable of extending the shelf life of food products. These biodegradable films may be derived from natural biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. This mini-review explores the optimization techniques for edible film production and their safety in food applications. The information may be used to select effective optimization methods and appropriate safety tests for edible film formulation. Optimization methods, like Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), may enhance the properties of edible films and reduce production costs effectively. However, studies advise against using mixture designs for edible films containing more than three ingredients. To ensure safety, edible films must be made using materials that are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and comply with regulatory standards set by the Food Drug Administration (FDA). From an applied perspective, toxicity tests (in vitro or in vivo) may be performed to evaluate the health implications of edible films and offer a more comprehensive view of their benefits and limitations in food packaging. Keywords: Edible Film, Food Safety, Optimization method.
Re-fermentation of Green Liberica Coffee (Coffea Liberica) Beans: Impact on the Caffeine and Antioxidant Content of the Roasted Beans Sunarharum, Wenny Bekti; Umami, Hindun Riza; Kartika, Annisa Aurora; Septiana, Siska; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2023.013.02.001

Abstract

Coffee is renowned for its delightful taste and associated health benefits. A growing preference for lower-caffeine coffee is evident, but traditional decaffeination processes can inadvertently deplete vital bioactive compounds like antioxidants. This research explores the effects of re-fermentation on green liberica coffee beans to alter their caffeine and antioxidant levels. The re-fermentation was achieved using water and coffee cherry extract as media, while a control sample without re-fermentation was used for comparison. The study focused on caffeine content and antioxidant activity, measured as IC50. The results show that re-fermentation, whether with water or coffee cherry extract, led to decreased caffeine content and increased antioxidant activity. The re-fermentation process utilizing coffee cherry extract yielded the lowest caffeine content at 0.12% and exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 11.00 ± 1.21 ppm. Keywords: Antioxidant, caffeine, green coffee beans, liberica, re-fermentation.
The Impact of Self-Induced Anaerobic Fermentation (SIAF) on Coffee Antioxidants: A Review Kartika, Annisa Aurora; Sunarharum, Wenny Bekti; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
The Journal of Experimental Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jels.2024.014.01.06

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most traded commodities in the world and plays a crucial role in Indonesia's economy. The price of coffee is intricately tied to its quality and perceived health benefits. Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying the effect of post-harvest processing, particularly fermentation, on coffee antioxidants. Among the various fermentation techniques, self-induced anaerobic fermentation (SIAF) has emerged as an innovative approach to enhance coffee antioxidants. Despite its potential, the effects of SIAF on coffee antioxidants appear to be inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review aims to evaluate the potential impacts of SIAF on coffee's antioxidant contents and activities. Relevant articles from 2013 to 2023 that discuss the effects of SIAF on coffee antioxidants were reviewed. The results indicate that SIAF may enhance coffee's antioxidant contents and activities, but the effects appear to depend on the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process. The effects may be linked to the microbial activities and enzymatic processes that change the biochemical compositions of the coffee during fermentation. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects is important for optimal integration of SIAF into the coffee industry. This study contributes valuable insights into the promising role of SIAF in enhancing coffee antioxidants and emphasizes the importance of continued research in this field. Keywords: Antioxidant, Anaerobic Fermentation, Coffee, Microbes, Polyphenol.
Protein extraction from white, red, and black rice bran using modified three-phase partitioning: Evaluation of solubility, phytochemicals, and proteomics profiles Miftahurrahmi, Miftahurrahmi; Estiasih, Teti; Sirinupong, Nualpun; Mahatmanto, Tunjung; Mubarok, Ahmad Zaki
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2025.008.03.1

Abstract

This study investigated the extraction, solubility profile, phytochemical content, and proteomic profile of rice bran protein (RBP) from white (WRB), red (RRB), and black rice bran (BRB) using a modified three-phase partitioning (TPP) method. Protein solubility peaked at: BRB pH 3.4 (5.40 mg/mL), WRB pH 3.5 (5.10 mg/mL), RRB pH 3.6 (5.03 mg/mL). These differences may be attributed to pigment-protein interactions and inherent protein composition. Phytochemical analysis at optimum solubility pH determined common and specific metabolites of RBP types. Bioactive compounds such as isoflavones, trehalose, and amino acids were found in all samples. At the same time, colored rice brans exhibited a wider profile of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, alkaloids, and steroidal glycosides. Proteomic profiling identified universal seed storage proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and stress proteins across all RBP types. Variety-specific redox regulation and metabolism proteins were also observed, suggesting functional diversity. Integrating solubility optimization with protein and metabolite characterization provides a comprehensive understanding of RBP composition, indicating its potential value as a plant protein source and functional food ingredient. This study highlights solubility optimization, protein and metabolite characterization, and the nutritional potential of RBP as a sustainable plant source for food applications.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Doses of X-Ray Irradiation on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Profiles of Liberica Green Coffee Beans Khairunnisa, Meutia Irdina; Kartika, Annisa Aurora; Sunarharum, Wenny Bekti; Mahatmanto, Tunjung
Journal of Coffee and Sustainability Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Community Services

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jcs.2024.01.02.03

Abstract

Liberica coffee has significant potential for cultivation and trade in Indonesia. The coffee trade requires effective post-harvest processing to maintain commodity quality. X-ray irradiation offers several advantages as a post-harvest processing method. However, research on X-ray irradiation remains limited. This study was designed to determine the effect of different doses of X-ray irradiation on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of Liberica green coffee beans and to identify the optimal dose for treatment. The research employed a randomized block design (RBD) method with five different doses of X-ray irradiation: 0 kGy, 2.7 kGy, 5.4 kGy, 7.2 kGy, and 10.8 kGy. The results indicated that varying doses of X-ray irradiation had no discernible effect on the color, water, protein, and fat content of Liberica green coffee beans. However, differences in the X-ray irradiation dose significantly affected the degree of acidity (pH), caffeine content, total sugar, antioxidants, and phenol levels in the beans. Additionally, there was a decrease in the Total Plate Count (TPC) with increasing doses of X-ray irradiation. The best treatment achieved was at an irradiation dose of 7.2 kGy.
Enzyme dosage detection to degrade feathers in edible bird’s nests: A comparative convolutional neural networks study Liana, Verianti; Arifiandika, Rizal; Rohmatulloh, Bagas; Nafi’ah, Riris Waladatun; Hidayat, Arif; Hendrawan, Yusuf; Al-Riza, Dimas Firmanda; Mahatmanto, Tunjung; Nugroho, Hermawan
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 6, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2023.006.04.6

Abstract

Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN), a costly food product made from swiftlet’s saliva, has encountered a longstanding problem of plucking the swiftlet’s feather from the nests. The destructive and inefficient manual process of plucking the feathers can be substituted with a serine protease enzyme alternative. Accurate detection of enzyme dosage is crucial for ensuring efficient feather degradation with cost-effective enzyme usage. This research employed the transfer learning method using pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks (Pt-CNN) to detect enzyme dosage based on EBN’s images. This study aimed to compare the image classification mechanisms, architectures, and performance of three Pt-CNN: Resnet50, InceptionResnetV2, and EfficientNetV2S. InceptionResnetV2, using parallel convolutions and residual networks, significantly contributes to learning rich informative features. Consequently, the InceptionResnetV2 model achieved the highest accuracy of 96.18%, while Resnet50 and EfficientNetV2S attained only 30.44% and 17.82%, respectively. The differences in architecture complexity, parameter count, dataset characteristics, and image resolution also play a role in the performance disparities among the models. The study’s findings aid future researchers in streamlining model selection when facing limited datasets by understanding the reasons for the model’s performance and contributing to a non-destructive and quick solution for EBN’s cleaning process.  
Co-Authors Ahmad Zaki Mubarok, Ahmad Zaki Al-Riza, Dimas Firmanda Arif Hidayat Arifiandika, Rizal Delima, Meita Putri Erryana Martati Kartika, Annisa Aurora Khairunnisa, Meutia Irdina Kirana, Pramudhia Khansa Liana, Verianti Miftahurrahmi, Miftahurrahmi Nafi’ah, Riris Waladatun Nugroho, Hermawan Rafiq Usdiqa Maulana Riyanti Zhafirah Makrudi Rohmatulloh, Bagas Sania Isma Yanti Septiana, Siska SIMON BAMBANG WIDJANARKO Sirinupong, Nualpun Teti Estiasih Umami, Hindun Riza Untung Murdiyatmo Wenny Bekti Sunarharum Yusuf Hendrawan