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Journal : Communications in Science and Technology

A review of measurement of electromagnetic emission in electronic product: Techniques and challenges Yuwono, Tito; Baharuddin, Mohd Hafiz; Misran, Norbahiah; Ismail, Mahamod; Mansor, Mohd Fais
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 7 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.7.1.2022.727

Abstract

Nowadays, electronic products are being used extensively in many fields and applications. The dense population of electronic devices in human life has become a challenge for microwave engineers to ensure that their products can meet the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards. Complex electronic products with smaller sizes and denser components will be a challenge for compliance with EMC standards. In addition, the occurrence of non-stationary emission at certain operating modes becomes a challenge for analysis. Error in analyzing EM emissions will make the products unable to meet the requirements of EMC standards; hence, they will be prohibited to be marketed. Currently, there are two methods of emission analysis, i.e. by measurement and modeling or computation. There are some problems, however, in the analysis of EM emissions regarding the area of test, complexity, DUT positioning error, installation cost, and time consumption. In this paper, the analysis techniques for EM emissions including Open Area Test Site (OATS), Anechoic chamber, Transverse Electromagnetics TEM Cell, Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) and near field scanning are reviewed comprehensively. This survey covered EMC standards, principles of EM emission measurement techniques, advantages and disadvantages of EM emission measurement techniques, studies and applications of each technique, recommendations for which technique to be used, and challenges for future research in EM emission measurement. The final section of this paper discusses the challenges for near-field measurements related to the non-stationary emissions phenomenon. This papers also presents the challenges of how to detect and characterize them.
On the characterization of EM emission of electronic products: Case study for different program modes Yuwono, Tito; Baharuddin, Mohd Hafiz; Zhivomirov, Hristo; Wahyuni, Elyza Gustri
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.9.1.2024.1289

Abstract

The characterization of the EM emissions for electronic products is crucial to ensure that the emissions have met the requirements of the EMC standards. For this, a more comprehensive testing is required to get more meaningful results. While, the emergence of non-stationary emissions is a challenge to obtain valid analysis results. So far, non-stationary EM emissions is not considered and treated properly in the emission analysis. This paper presents a new method for the analysis of EM emissions from electronic devices as a case study by testing three different program modes (scenarios) of Intel Galileo board. These program modes were designed to vary processing intensity in its memory and processor. A comparison was also made between the actual situation (the presence of non-stationary signals) and the hypothetical situation with the assumption that all emissions were stationary. As a result, a significant difference was observed when the analysis considered the real scenario of a non-stationary emission. The ratio between the average autocorrelation using the proposed algorithm and the average correlation by ignoring the non-stationarity of the emission signal was 113.6 times. The study concludes that different program modes produce the different characteristics of EM emissions, making some of them non-stationary. Hence, we strongly suggest the consideration of the non-stationarity of the EM emissions in characterizing complex electronic devices.