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Analisis Kerusakan Hydraulic Cylinder Bucket Excavator Caterpillar Cat 336 E L Aditya Ferira; Muknizar Muknizar; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Risal Abu; Veny Selviyanty
Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi (JUTIN) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jutin.v9i3.62330

Abstract

An excavator (specifically a pull-shovel) is a machine designed to excavate material located below its own operating level. Hydraulic cylinders are critical components that actuate attachments such as the boom, arm, and bucket. Among these attachments, the bucket cylinder is the most prone to failure because it interacts directly with the material being excavated. Frequent failures lead to increased downtime and disrupt production processes. The primary causes of bucket cylinder failure in the Caterpillar Cat 336 EL excavator are seal and O-ring damage, as well as oil contamination, both of which result in cylinder leakage. Maintenance measures taken to address these failures include: (i) replacing the seal kit on the cylinder head and piston to prevent pressure loss; (ii) inspecting the internal brass bushing—if the bushing is worn or damaged (which can cause new seals to leak), it must be replaced; and (iii) cleaning the cylinder and rectifying issues related to oil contamination. 
A Comparative Analysis of Standard (Limiter) and Racing (Unlimited) CDI Systems on Performance and Fuel Consumption in Four-Stroke Motorcycles Feri Sari Putra; Afdal Afdal; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v5i3.2286

Abstract

The ignition system has a significant influence on fuel consumption, as well as the torque and power produced by an engine. Ignition systems in four-stroke gasoline engines have undergone significant development and refinement. In the early development of gasoline engines, the ignition system used contact breaker points (platina) to interrupt and connect the battery voltage to the primary coil. Currently, motorcycle manufacturers have increasingly adopted Capacitor Discharge Ignition (CDI) systems because conventional contact breaker systems have several limitations, including less efficient ignition and higher fuel consumption. Factory-installed CDI systems have a predetermined engine speed limit. When the engine is operated at an RPM exceeding the CDI limit, its performance may decrease. An unlimiter CDI is an ignition system that operates without a predetermined RPM limit and is capable of supporting engine operation at high speeds. This study aims to investigate the effect of using an unlimiter CDI on fuel consumption, torque, and power in a 110 cc Honda Beat motorcycle. The study employed a field study method involving direct investigation and observation of relevant data to obtain information on the parameters used in analyzing the CDI system installed on the motorcycle. Based on the results at engine speeds of 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 rpm, the use of an unlimiter CDI resulted in lower fuel consumption compared with a limiter CDI. Furthermore, the torque and power produced by the unlimiter CDI were higher than those produced by the limiter CDI at all three tested engine speeds.