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All Journal ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Anindya Wirasatriya
Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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Effect of Extreme ENSO and IOD on the Variability of Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature in the North and South of Central Java Province Kunarso Kunarso; Dwi Haryo Ismunarti; Azis Rifai; Bayu Munandar; Anindya Wirasatriya; Raden Dwi Susanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 28, No 1 (2023): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.28.1.1-11

Abstract

Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are important indicators of air-sea interaction and primary productivity. It has been widely known that the variability of chl-a and SST in the waters of Central Java Province (CJP) is influenced by the monsoonal cycle. Previous studies did not clearly describe the variability of chl-a and SST when compared to other cycles. This present study investigated the variability of chl-a and SST influenced by monsoonal cycles, IOD, and ENSO in both CJP waters. Our analysis is based on satellite observations and uses daily data to compile climatological data. The analysis found differences between the variability of chl-a and SST during the monsoonal cycle and ENSO-IOD extreme conditions. During the monsoonal cycle, the maximum (minimum) chl-a (SST) in northern CJP is 0.7 mg.L-1 (28.5ºC) is observed in the West Monsoon, and in the southern CJP is 1.5 mg.L-1 (25.5ºC) is observed in the East Monsoon. In addition, the analysis reveals that the ENSO and IOD extremes do not clearly alter the variability of chl-a and SST in the northern CJP. However, ENSO and IOD extremes have clearly altered the variability of chl-a and SST in the southern CJP. The highest impact to variability of chl-a and SST occurred during IOD+ extreme (2019), where the range of value chl-a (SST) in south CJP is 0,35–4,57 mg.L-1 (23,29 – 30,49ºC). The value of chl-a (SST) is greater than 4 mg.L-1 (less than 24ºC) are observed in the east monsoon. It is caused by the intensity of lifting the mass of water from deeper waters to the sea surface, which possibly supplies the nutrients in the surface waters. The result of the investigation showed that the increasing of chl-a and decreasing of SST in the northern CJP dominant by monsoonal cycle and southern CJP dominant by monsoonal cycle and ENSO – IOD. 
Evaluating The Accuracy of Gridded Sea Surface Temperature Datasets in Central Java Iis Widya Harmoko; Muhammad Zainuri; Anindya Wirasatriya; Supari Supari
Indonesian Journal of Oceanography Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Oceanography
Publisher : University of Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijoce.v8i2.31390

Abstract

This study evaluates the accuracy of three gridded sea surface temperature (SST) products, OSTIA, RAMSSA, and GAMSSA, against in-situ observations from the in-situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) in the waters of Central Java, Indonesia, for the period 2008–2024. Validation is performed for three spatial aggregations: a combined domain (Northern + Southern waters), the Northern Sea, and the Southern Sea. Performance is assessed using standard error metrics (bias, MAE, MAPE, RMSE), scatterplots, annual cycle patterns, and Taylor diagrams to synthesize correlation, variability, and centered RMSE. Results show that OSTIA and RAMSSA consistently outperform GAMSSA across all zones, with the strongest agreement in the Southern Sea, where correlations are highest, and errors are lowest in the Taylor diagram summary. The annual-cycle analysis indicates that all products reproduce the timing of the seasonal SST evolution, including the pronounced cool season in the Southern Sea during the southeast monsoon. However, variability is generally damped in gridded products, particularly in nearshore/complex waters of the Northern Sea. These findings support the operational use of OSTIA and RAMSSA for regional marine monitoring and climate services in Central Java, including anomaly-based advisories and early warning information for ocean-related climate hazards.
Co-Authors Azis Rifai Bayu Munandar Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Iis Widya Harmoko Kunarso Kunarso Muhammad Zainuri Raden Dwi Susanto Supari Supari