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All Journal Journal of International Relations Studies Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional
Fadhil Alghifari, Fadhil
Program Studi Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Diponegoro
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16. ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGHAMBAT RATIFIKASI PORT STATE MEASURES AGREEMENT OLEH INDONESIA PERIODE 2009-2014 Alghifari, Fadhil; Utomo, Tri Cahyo; Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi
Journal of International Relations Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2016
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago, is known for its rich marine biodiversity andresources. The vast area, however, is difficult to monitor, which give rise to illegalactivities. IUU fishing costs the country 30 trillion rupiah annually. Indonesia remainscommitted to completely eradicate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishingactivities through international forum such as FAO. FAO's Port State Measures Agreement(PSMA) 2009 is a testament of commitment from the international community inaddressing IUU fishing by strengthening the role of state port. However, five years afterthe inception of the Agreement, Indonesia's effort in commiting and complying with theAgreement were hampered by several factors. This study is aimed to explain the obstaclesfaced by Indonesia in the process of PSMA’s ratification. Therefore, it enables the countryto conduct unilateral measure in fighting IUU fishing namely the “vessel drowning” policywith its current capabilities, available resources, and national interest. These two premisescontribute to the slow process of PSMA’s ratification. This research utilized descriptiveanalyticalmethod in attempt to answer the research question. Based on wide range data,study cases, and the theoretical framework, this study found that the use of Realismparadigm and Oona Hathaway’s integrated theory of International Law could best explainthe hindrances faced by Indonesia in fulfiling the requirements of PSMA 2009, whichhinders the progress of its ratification. This suggests that Indonesian government wouldserve its very best interest solely for the state and its survival in deterring, preventing, andeliminating IUU fishing. Thus, it sets aside the state’s desire and importance in complyingand committing to international norms.
Analisis Teori Offense-Defense Pada Reformasi Kebijakan Pertahanan Jepang Dalam Dinamika Keamanan Di Asia Timur Alghifari, Fadhil; Letticia, Raja Nathania Olga
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 18, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This paper will seek to demonstrate how the use of Offense-Defense Theory can best explain the Japan’s new defense reform legislation that enables the country to play a more comprehensive global security role commensurate with its capabilities, resources, national interests, and international responsibilities. Through this offense-defense lens, it will be argued that Japan’s new defense reform legislation is a response to the growing dominance of ‘offensive’ behaviour by the neighbouring countries in East Asia. This paper will then elaborate more about the elements that are used in the offense-defense theory to analyze the ‘offense’ dominance that prompts East Asian states behave aggressively and defensively including Japan. Furthermore, this paper will explain why Japan is currently playing the ‘defensive’ role to counter the growing dominance of ‘offense’ in East Asia through the four variables of offense-defense balance; military doctrine and technology, geographical considerations, social and political order, and diplomatic arrangements. Thus, we will see that Japan holds the key to the offense-defense and security balance in the increasingly hostile environment in East Asia.
Co-Authors Letticia, Raja Nathania Olga Letticia, Raja Nathania Olga Sheiffi Puspapertiwi, Sheiffi Tri Cahyo Utomo