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Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Negara Terhadap UUD 1945 Pasal 34 Zefanya Angellin Chen; Vanessa; Felicia Amanda Sulistio
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Juni 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v7i1.4718

Abstract

Abstrak UUD 1945 adalah konstitusi dan sumber hukum tertinggi yang ada di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Negara Indonesia mempunyai tujuan untuk melindungi dan mensejahterakan masyarakatnya. Hal tersebut belum terpenuhi karena masih banyaknya kemiskinan yang dialami masyarakat di Indonesia, terjadi di daerah terpencil bahkan di kota besar. Di dalam Pasal 34 ayat 1 UUD 1945 mengamanatkan kewajiban negara untuk memelihara fakir miskin dan anak terlantar. Kemiskinan dan fakir miskin merupakan salah satu masalah yang terjadi di kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Kemiskinan terjadi karena beberapa faktor yaitu tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, keterbatasan akses terhadap sumber daya, pembangunan fasilitas tidak merata, kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan, tingkat pendapatan nasional rata-rata, serta ledakan jumlah penduduk meningkat setiap tahunnya. Perlunya penanganan yang maksimal dari negara agar para fakir miskin dan anak terlantar mendapatkan haknya yang terdapat UUD 1945. Upaya penanganan dijalankan oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, dan masyarakat. Jika penanganan yang dilakukan atau dilaksanakan oleh negara berhasil, maka juga akan berdampak positif terhadap perkembangan kesejahteraan sosial di berbagai tingkat lokal, tingkat nasional, dan tingkat global. Implementasi Pasal 34 UUD 1945 yang berhubungan dengan pemerataan ekonomi dan sosial di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia memerlukan upaya yang terstruktur dan sinergis. Untuk memanifestasikan dan mewujudkan hal tersebut diperlukannya penyebaran kesetaraan akses yang merata dan menghasilkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Kata Kunci: UUD 1945, Kemiskinan, Fakir Miskin, Anak Terlantar, Pasal 34 UUD 1945 Abstract The 1945 Constitution is the constitution and the highest source of law in the Republic of Indonesia. The Indonesian state aims to protect and prosper its people. This has not been fulfilled because there is still a lot of poverty experienced by people in Indonesia, occurring in remote areas and even in big cities. Article 34 section 1 of the 1945 Constitution saves the state's obligation to care for the poor and abandoned children. Poverty and the poor are one of the problems that occur in the lives of Indonesian people. Poverty occurs due to several factors, namely low levels of education, limited access to resources, uneven development of facilities, lack of employment, average national income levels, and the explosion of the population increasing every year. The need for maximum handling from the state so that the poor and abandoned children get their rights contained in the 1945 Constitution. Handling efforts are carried out by the central government, local governments, and the community. If the handling carried out or implemented by the state is successful, it will also have a positive impact on the development of social welfare at various local levels, national levels, and global levels. The implementation of Article 34 of the 1945 Constitution relating to economic and social equity in the Republic of Indonesia requires structured and synergistic efforts. To manifest and realize this, it is necessary to spread equality of access and produce quality human resources. Keywords: The 1945 Constitution, Poverty, The Poor, Abandoned Children, Article 34 section 1 of the 1945 Constitution
Case Studies on Marriage for Children Who Have Not Reached the Age Limit Zefanya Angellin Chen; Vanessa Vanessa; Felicia Amanda Sulistio
AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/aurelia.v2i2.672

Abstract

Marriage is a living union for the legalization of sexual relations and to obtain offspring or children, which is regulated by the rule of law. Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage states that "Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on Belief in the One Supreme God. ” Indonesia is rife with cases of underage child marriage, which means that they have not reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years. Cases of child marriage do not only occur in remote areas, but also occur in big cities. Law Number 16 of 2019 states that "Marriage can only be permitted if a man and a woman have reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years". This case occurred because of many factors, namely, socio-cultural factors, economic problems, low education, religion, unemployment, social media, thoughts and beliefs, and orders from parents. Young marriages have a negative effect because teenage husband and wife are not mentally and physically ready to build a family. Good and maximum handling is needed from the state, government and the surrounding environment to prevent an increase in cases of underage marriages. If treatment is given or carried out properly, it will produce positive impacts such as reducing infant and maternal mortality rates and reducing divorce rates.
Analisis Penerapan Hukum Perdata Internasional pada Putusan Pengadilan Negara Indonesia, Belanda dan Jerman Terkait Perceraian Dalam Perkawinan Campuran Imelda Martinelli; Zefanya Angellin Chen; Vanessa; Felicia Amanda Sulistio
Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Vol 8 No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jk.v8i1.6353

Abstract

Abstrak Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 1 memberikan pengertian bahwa “Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin seorang pria dan seorang wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal”. Perkawinan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam hal menjamin kelangsungan sebuah keluarga. Agar perkawinan terjamin kelangsungan dan mempunyai kepastian hukum, maka perkawinan terjamin kelangsungan dan mempunyai kepastian hukum, maka perkawinan perlu dicatat berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Pasal 57 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan menyatakan “Perkawinan Campuran merupakan perkawinan yang dilangsungkan antara dua (2) pihak yang berbeda kewarganegaraan tetapi salah satu dari kedua pihak tersebut adalah warga negara Indonesia yang tunduk kepada hukum”. Perkawinan campuran dilaksanakan dengan memilih salah satu hukum dari masing-masing pihak yang dilakukan sesuai dengan persetujuan dan disepakati, dari salah satu pihak atau kedua pihak wajib untuk tunduk sukarela dalam melaksanakan perkawinan. Perceraian adalah putusnya hubungan suami-istri, talak, hidup perpisahan antara suami-istri selagi kedua-duanya masih hidup. Undang-Undang Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa perceraian merupakan salah satu penyebab putusnya perkawinan. Perceraian pada perkawinan campuran di Indonesia mempunyai implikasi hukum yang saling berkaitan dengan hukum perdata internasional. Pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam perkawinan campuran di Indonesia mempunyai kemampuan untuk memilih pilihan hukum yaitu seperti negara tempat perkawinan atau perceraian dilangsungkan, negara tempat salah satu pihak berkebangsaan, atau hukum Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, Perkawinan Campuran, Putusan Pengadilan, Hukum Perdata Internasional, Hukum Antar Tata Hukum Abstract Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 1 provides an understanding that “Marriage is the inner and outer bond of a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household)”. Marriage has a very important role in ensuring the continuity of a family. In order for marriage to be guaranteed continuity and have legal certainty, marriage is guaranteed continuity and has legal certainty, so marriage needs to be recorded based on applicable laws and regulations. Article 57 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage states “Mixed Marriage is a marriage that is entered into between two (2) parties of different nationalities but one of the two parties is an Indonesian citizen who is subject to the law”. Mixed marriages are conducted by choosing one of the laws of each party in accordance with the agreement and agreed upon, from one party or both parties are obliged to submit voluntarily in carrying out the marriage. Divorce is the breakup of the husband-wife relationship, divorce, living separation between husband and wife while both are still alive. The Marriage Law states that divorce is one of the causes of marriage breakdown. Divorce in mixed marriages in Indonesia has legal implications that are interrelated with international civil law. The parties involved in a mixed marriage in Indonesia have the ability to choose a choice of law, such as the country where the marriage or the divorce is held, the country where one of the parties is a national, or Indonesian law. Keywords: Law Number 1 Year 1974, Mixed Marriages, Court Ruling, International Civil Law, Inter-Legal Law