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All Journal Pandecta Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan
Mardika Mardika
Universitas Narotama
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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International Legal Instruments as the Rule of the Game for the Trade in COVID-19 Vaccine Nynda Fatmawati Octarina; Faizin Rahmadi Akbar; Mardika Mardika
Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Vol. 17, No 3 : Al Qalam (Mei 2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Al-Qur'an (STIQ) Amuntai Kalimantan Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35931/aq.v17i3.2157

Abstract

This article discusses international legal instruments that guide the trade in COVID-19 Vaccine. After efforts to discover and develop COVID-19 Vaccine which in fact are in favor of developed countries and high-tech countries as well as rich countries and high-income countries, and then this condition continues to have an impact on the distribution and trade stages resulting in difficulty in accessing the COVID-19 Vaccine fairly and equitably for developing countries and least-developed countries. Tracking international legal instruments from upstream to downstream have been needed to form a comprehensive mindset and find the right of rule of the game of trade in COVID-19 Vaccine. Finally, it was found that various of international legal instruments in form of international agreement that were closely related to the trade in COVID-19 Vaccine is already available, as well as being able to frame the interest of developing countries and least-developed countries on a reasonable basis, that is the occurrence of a national health emergency due to the COVID-19 disease. The principle of pacta sunt servanda must be used as a basic reason that binding all world countries to obey and comply with the contents of international agreement in accordance with the legal will of the competent authorities through the ratification process of that international agreement.
Urgensi Penemuan Vaksin Covid-19 sebagai Hak Milik Publik Nynda Fatmawati Octarina; Evi Kongres; Mardika Mardika
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2021): June
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v16i1.28997

Abstract

Penemuan Vaksin COVID-19 tidak terlepas dari keuntungan (benefits), baik berupa hak ekonomi maupun hak moral yang diperoleh inventor atau penemunya, dan itu berkaitan dengan permohonan atau pendaftaran paten. Artikel ini membahas mengenai konsekuensi paten beserta hak eksklusifnya yang dianggap sebagai hambatan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan Vaksin COVID-19 bagi semua orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian yuridis-normatif, yang mencoba memecahkan permasalahan dengan menggunakan berbagai instrumen hukum melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya dilakukan analisis mengenai adanya perbenturan antara kepentingan individu dan kepentingan publik dalam usaha penemuan Vaksin COVID-19. Pada akhirnya, penemuan Vaksin COVID-19 memang seyogyanya menjadi hak milik publik demi kepentingan kesehatan masyarakat global, maka pemerintah ataupun negara-negara dunia diharapkan menentukan apa dan bagaimana kebijakan yang sebaiknya dilakukan untuk mempercepat akses Vaksin COVID-19 secara adil dan merata, namun tetap mengakui keberadaan hak paten di dalamnya.The discovery of the COVID-19 Vaccine cannot be separated from the benefits, both in the form of economic rights and moral rights obtained by the inventor, and that related to patent application or registration. This article discusses the consequences of the patents and their exclusive rights which are considered obstacles in fulfilling the need for a COVID-19 Vaccine for everyone. The study uses juridical-normative research, which tries to solve problems using various legal instruments through a statute approach and conceptual approach. The result shows the importance of conducting an analysis of the conflict of interest between individual (private) interests and public interests in the discovery of the COVID-19 Vaccine should indeed belong to the public. In the last, the discovery of the COVID-19 Vaccine should indeed become public domain in the interests of global public health, so the government or world countries are expected to determine what and how policies should be implemented to accelerate access to the COVID-19 Vaccine fairly and equitably, but still recognize the patent rights in it.
Co-Authors Evi Kongres Faizin Rahmadi Akbar Nynda Fatmawati Octarina, Nynda Fatmawati