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All Journal JURNAL LITTERA: FAKULTAS SASTRA DARMA AGUNG
Magdalena Br. Marpaung
Universitas Darma Agung
Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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COGNITIVE MODELS OF WRITING OF STUDENTS TAUGHT BY TEXT-ORIENTED TEACHING AND RESEARCH Magdalena Br. Marpaung
JURNAL LITTERA: FAKULTAS SASTRA DARMA AGUNG Vol 1 No 1 (2019): APRIL
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Darma Agung

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Abstract

Menulis adalah sebuah keahlian yang tidak mudah untuk dikuasai. Nunan (1999: 271) menjelaskan bahwa menulis adalah keahlian berbahasa yang paling sulit untuk dikuasai. Bersamaan dengan teori-teori pemerolehan bahasa kedua, keahlian berbahasa menulis telah dicoba untuk diajarkan dengan berbagai pendekatan, metode, dan strategi. Hyland (2008: 2) dalam artikelnya menyimpulkan bahwa secara garis besar pengajaran keahlian menulis dalam dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga garis besar, diantaranya: (1) Pengajaran keahlian menulis yang berorientasi pada text, (2) Pengajaran keahlian menulis yang berorientasi pada penulis, dan (3) Pengajaran keahlian menulis yang berorientasi pada pembaca. Dan ketiga garis besar pengajaran keahlian menulis ini memiliki kelemahan dan kelebihannya masing-masing. Pertanyaan yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah “bagaimana proses berpikir mahasiswa dalam menulis ketika dia diajar dengan metode pengajaran yang berorientasi pada teks?” Instrumen yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) observasi, dan (2) interview. Sesuai dengan teori yang dikembangkan oleh Hayes and Flower (1983), proses berpikir dalam menulis dapat diukur dengan menganalisis tiga sub komponen, diantaranya (1) menemukan elemen – elemen mendasar dari tiap tahapan menulis, (2) menemukan variasi interaksi antar elemen, dan (3) menemukan pola/ model interaksinya. Berdasarkan proses analisis data yang diperoleh dari 4 subjek penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) elemen yang ada dalam tiap tahapan proses menulis adalah (a) target penulisan/ Writing Assignment yang terdiri dari topik tulisan dan motivasi menulis, (b) ketersediaan informasi pada penulis/ External Storage, (c) adanya proses perencanaan dan organisasi ide dalam proses menulis/ Planning & Organization yang didalamnya termasuk keahlian berbahasa (tata bahasa) penulis, dan (d) menerjemahkan isi pikiran dalam bentuk nyata tulisan/ Translating process. Kedua, proses analisis data juga mengklasifikasi dua pola atau model berpikir dalam menulis yang terjadi antara subjek dengan kemampuan menulis yang tinggi dan subjek dengan kemampuan menulis yang rendah, diantaranya: (a) subjek dengan kemampuan menulis yang tinggi menunjukkan model berpikir sebagai berikut: Perencanaan menulis – proses menerjemahkan ide pikiran dalam bentuk tulisan – karya tulis. (b) sementara subjek dengan kemampuan menulis yang rendah menunjukkan model berpikir sebagai berikut: Target penulisan (penugasan) – Proses menulis – Koreksi
READING MODELS OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT READING HABIT AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS READING Magdalena Br. Marpaung
JURNAL LITTERA: FAKULTAS SASTRA DARMA AGUNG Vol 1 No 2 (2021): OKTOBER
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Darma Agung

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Based on readers’ perspective reading process is affected by reading habit and the attitude towards reading (Marpaung, M. 2021). Further, due to find the most related factor in second language reading habit, there were three factors compared of first language reading habit, attitude towards reading, and language proficiency, and it was found that language proficiency is mostly affected the second language reading habit (Marpaung, M. 2020). Therefore, there is a willing to know the contribution of reading habit and attitue towards reading in reading cognitive processes. And by administered the close interview it was found that reading habit and attitude towards reading affected cognitive model of reading in its term of schemata activation and handling new and difficult words, it was also mainly affected in finalizing the comprehension of doing concluding or summarizing.
THE USE OF PICTURES AND SENTENCE COMPLETION DRILLS IN SPEAKING TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITY Magdalena Br. Marpaung; Ismarini Hutabarat
JURNAL LITTERA: FAKULTAS SASTRA DARMA AGUNG Vol 1 No 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Darma Agung

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Speaking is a very important skill in language proficiency. As a main skill to have in all languages, speaking is taught in various ways. Theoretically, pictures are a good media to be used to increase learners interest and sentence completion drills are good to make the teaching-learning activities to be fun. Based on the observation, in this teaching-learning activities, pictures are very good in enhance learners interest and focus while sentence completion drills are very good in turning the class to be fun and relax, sentence completion drills increase the interaction of teacher to learners and learners to learners. Moreover, sentence completion drills are very good to attract students starting either creating a conversation. The use of pictures and sentence completion drills are two very good combination in classroom in teaching-learning speaking.
THE COMPLEXITY OF READING COMPREHENSION PROCESSES: A REVIEW FROM READER, TEXT, AND COGNITIVE PROCESS PERSPECTIVES Magdalena Br. Marpaung; Humiras Betty M. Sihombing
JURNAL LITTERA: FAKULTAS SASTRA DARMA AGUNG Vol 1 No 1 (2021): APRIL 2021
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Darma Agung

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Abstract

This is a review of reading comprehension theories from published articles. This theoretical review differs its content by showing reading complexities which is viewed from the perspective of its readers, text’s, and cognitive process. Readers individual differences are highly affect reading comprehension process as it can be also the source of its complexity by the factors of attitude, habit, and linguistics proficiency (Cassanave: 1988, Mcmaster: K.L., Espin, C.A., Van den Broek: 2014). On the other side, texts as the mediator of reader and writer interaction in reading process as also play an important factor in turning reading to be complex process, genre, content, format, and degree of difficulty are sub-factors that affect the complexity of reading in readers mind (Mcmaster, K.L., Espin, C.S., Van den broek; 2014). However, as the motor of reading process, cognitive activities are also play its important role started from decoding, translation, schemata, questioning, and metacognition process are closely affect reading comprehension process. As mainly composed from published article, this review focus to articles which are published on the year of 2000 and above but for a better result of reviews this theoretical review is taken Cassanave research result which was published on 1988 and Van den Broek research result which was published on 1999.
Co-Authors Humiras Betty Marlina Sihombing Ismarini Hutabarat