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All Journal FIKRI : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi Intermestic: Journal of International Studies
Surwandono Surwandono
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Critical Discourse Analysis of China's Foreign Policy in Speeches by Xi Jinping Intan Tiara Kartika; Surwandono Surwandono
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 7 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v7n2.5

Abstract

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi wacana arah kebijakan luar negeri China dibawah era kepempinan Xi Jinping. Artikel ini menggunakan konsep analisis wacana kritis menganalisis kebijakan luar negeri China melalui pidato Xi Jinping dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir kepempinannya. Untuk pengumpulan data, validasi dan penyelidikan linguistik menggunakan aplikasi NVivo 12 Plus dan VOS Viewer. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur melalui e-book, berita, jurnal dari Scopus dan Google Scholar. Hasil olahan data memperlihatkan temuan yang menarik, dimana dalam forum nasional, Xi kerap menggunakan isu politik, yang berkaitan dengan stabilitas domestik, sedangkan dalam forum internasional menggunakan isu ekonomi. Akan tetapi saat diproses secara menyeluruh, ternyata isu besar yang diangkat dalam pidatonya adalah peran global China. Xi Jinping membentuk wacana politik luar negeri, dimana China dibawah kepemimpinannya akan membangun kembali keberhasilannya dan kebangkitan China akan membawa manfaat bagi dunia internasional.
Ethno-Religious Nationalism and the Restructuring of Citizenship in India: A Constitutional and Diplomatic Analysis Nabila Hasna Adawiyah; Surwandono Surwandono
Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial dan Budaya
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Ma'arif NU (IAIMNU) Metro Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25217/jf.v10i2.6796

Abstract

India’s 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the revocation of Article 370 mark a significant shift from secular democratic principles toward ethno-religious nationalism. The CAA introduces religious criteria for citizenship by offering expedited naturalization to non-Muslim minorities from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, while deliberately excluding Muslims. Simultaneously, Article 370’s revocation dismantled the constitutional autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir, India’s only Muslim-majority region. This qualitative empirical study employs document analysis, comparative legal analysis, and critical discourse analysis to examine legislative texts, constitutional amendments, and academic literature. Primary data sources include constitutional document, and citizenship laws. Secondary data is drawn from indexed scholarly articles, books, and reputable media. The article uses Religious Nationalism Theory and Neoclassical Realism as its theoretical framework to analyze the domestic ideological dynamics underpinning Hindutva and the filtering mechanisms in India’s foreign policy. The study finds that the legal architecture of the CAA-NRC fosters systemic discrimination and the risk of statelessness, particularly targeting Muslims, while the removal of Article 370 undermines collective political autonomy through centralized control. Despite widespread criticism from the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, India maintains strategic partnerships with Gulf states, driven by pragmatic economic interests that outweigh pan-Islamic solidarity. This article contributes by integrating constitutional and diplomatic analysis within an ethno-religious framework, clarifying the interconnectedness of domestic policy and international relations. It fills a gap in the literature on the linkages between majoritarian domestic policies and global response, providing an analytical framework for policy development, human rights advocacy, and international relations research in pluralistic democracies.
Screening Interpreting on the Social Construction of the Turkish in Economic Crisis 2025 Rizka Ayuning Rosidi; Surwandono Surwandono
Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi Vol 12, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Departemen Sosiologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jps.v12i2.109649

Abstract

The study is based on a paradoxical phenomenon: during a severe inflation crisis in 2025, with the annual rate reaching 35.41%, Turkish society appears to respond relatively calmly, showing no massive social turmoil or widespread protests. The economic pressure is significant, with the prices of necessities, housing, and utilities increasing sharply, eroding real purchasing power, and exacerbating inequality. This paradox raises the question of how Turkish society constructs its social reality under such economic stress. This study aims to understand this phenomenon through the lens of Peter L. Berger theory of social construction. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research collects data through literature studies, media discourse analysis, policy document reviews, and in-depth interviews with workers, students, and community members in Turkey. The findings reveal that the Turkish government deliberately shapes social reality by restricting demonstrations, controlling narratives through mainstream media, and reinforcing nationalism as a unifying ideology. Through the stages of externalization, objectification, and internalization, the state produces an illusion of social stability which, in practice, masks forms of socio-political repression. Moreover, the rational-instrumental actions, such as adaptation to new prices and wage adjustments, and affective actions, such as pride in national identity, further contribute to society’s seemingly passive response. Overall, the study shows that the Turkish case is not merely about economic resilience but about how power constructs, directs, and sustains a dominant social reality during times of crisis.
Co-Authors Intan Tiara Kartika Nabila Hasna Adawiyah Rizka Ayuning Rosidi