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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Pani Satwikanitya
Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Study of the Effect of Bioplasticizer Type of Epoxy Used Cooking Oil on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizate Andri Saputra; Pani Satwikanitya; Muh Wahyu Sya’bani; Mertza Fitra Agustian
Jurnal Teknologi Vol 10, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Universitas Jayabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31479/jtek.v10i2.222

Abstract

The high volume of used cooking oil is one of the biggest obstacles. Unsaturated fatty acids in waste cooking oil have the potential as a raw material for producing  plasticizer of epoxy oil. The development of renewable plasticizers based on natural materials to replace petroleum plasticizers has become the concern of many researchers due to the issue of depletion of petroleum raw materials, environmental problems, and health issues caused by petroleum plasticizers. This research aims to study the effect of different types of epoxy used cooking oil plasticizers on the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. Used cooking oil that still contains unsaturated fatty acids was epoxidized by reflux method at 60oC using n-hexane solvent, glacial acetic acid catalyst and IR-120 amberlite resin, and oxygen donor hydrogen peroxide for 4 hours (MJE4), 6 hours (MJE6), and 8 hours (MJE8). The epoxy used cooking oil was characterized for oxirane number using the titration method. The epoxy cooking oil plasticizer was applied to the rubber compound and the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate were tested. The analysis showed that MJE8 was the epoxy cooking oil with the highest oxirane number of 2.42% with a relative oxirane conversion of 84.92%. Epoxy cooking oil that has a higher oxirane content can increase the hardness and abrasion index, and reduce the tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of rubber vulcanizates. The use of MJE8 produced rubber vulcanizates with higher elasticity properties, such as tensile strength (19.1 N/mm2), elongation at break (792.3%), and tear strength (26 N/mm). Meanwhile, MJE4 produced rubber vulcanizates with higher hardness and abrasion index with values of 68.7 HA and 90.8%, respectively.
Transesterification of Palm Olein to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (POle-ME) Using Base Catalysts Ratri Retno Utami; Andri Saputra; Pani Satwikanitya; Muh Wahyu Sya’bani; Warmiati Warmiati; Luthfi Auliya Indahwati; Danuraja Ilmannafia
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i3.344

Abstract

Palm olein esters are potentially convertible into epoxy oil, which can serve as a plasticizer. Palm olein can be reacted with alcohol in the presence of a base catalyst in a process named transesterification. This study aimed to investigate the application of palm olein to produce fatty acid methyl esters (POLe-ME) using sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as catalysts, which are then evaluated for their potential as plasticizers. The research process involved selecting raw materials based on the iodine and acid numbers. Subsequently, transesterification was conducted using 1% base catalysts. The characterization of POle-ME included evaluating its acid number, iodine number, viscosity, fatty acid composition, and functional groups. The findings indicate that using a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:6 and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst achieved the highest yield at 94.99%. The produced POle-ME exhibited a peak at 1436 cm-1, indicating the presence of a methyl ester functional group. The fatty acid composition of POle-ME consisted predominantly of oleic unsaturated fatty acid (C18:1) at 49.13%. Additionally, POle-ME exhibited an iodine number of 60.42, an acid number of 1.395, and a viscosity of 7.16 mPa·s, indicating its potential as a raw material for epoxy oil (plasticizer) production.
Co-Authors Andri Saputra Danuraja Ilmannafia Luthfi Auliya Indahwati Mertza Fitra Agustian Muh. Wahyu Syabani Ratri Retno Utami Warmiati Warmiati